Osteoporose e terceira-idade
fatores de risco e prevenção
Palavras-chave:
osteoporose, estrógenos, hormônios sexuais, menopausa, envelhecimentoResumo
Os autores apresentam uma revisão do conceito da osteoporose como síndrome multifatorial e de abordagem interdisciplinar, com base na dinâmica celular de osteoclastos e osteoblastos, regendo os principais mecânismos de perda de massa óssea. Revêem a participação de citocinas e fatores locais de crescimento nos procedimentos de reabsorção e neoosteogênese da remodelação óssea. Apresentam também as condições que interferem com os mecanismos que explicam as diferentes velocidades de perda de massa óssea - os chamados fatores de risco ou fatores de remodelação óssea. Tais fatores - locais ou sistêmicos - podem compor um elenco de características, que varia de indivíduo para indivíduo, e permite o delineamento do perfil do paciente osteoporótico. Assim, a raça, o sexo, a hereditariedade, a massa muscular, os níveis de estrógenos circulantes, a preconização de uma suplementação cálcica adequada, seja dietética, seja galênica - a nuliparidade, a menopausa precoce, os hábitos sociais, como fumo, etílismo, ingestão demasiada de café e principalmente o "stress" - representam condições que irifluenciam diretamente os mecanismos de reabsorção óssea. A avaliação de todas essas condições permite a apresentação de um programa educacional e assistencial que permite a prevenção da Síndrome Osteoporótico.
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Referências
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