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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">estpsi</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas)</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Estud. psicol. (Campinas)</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0103-166X</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">1982-0275</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="other">02401</article-id>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1982-0275202340e200108en</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Research Report – Development Psychology | Relato de Pesquisa – Psicologia do Desenvolvimento</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Retirement: to survive or to adapt? Validation of the rationale of an intervention program</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8151-7412</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pinto</surname>
						<given-names>Joana Carneiro</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<aff id="aff1">
					<label>1</label>
					<institution content-type="original">Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas. Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: &lt;joanacarneiropinto@ucp.pt&gt;.</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Católica Portuguesa</institution>
					<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Ciências Humanas</institution>
					<addr-line>
						<city>Lisboa</city>
					</addr-line>
					<country country="PT">Portugal</country>
					<email>joanacarneiropinto@ucp.pt</email>
				</aff>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn3">
					<p>The authors declare they have no conflict of interests.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
				<day>13</day>
				<month>06</month>
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
				<year>2023</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>40</volume>
			<elocation-id>e200108</elocation-id>
			<history>
				<date date-type="received">
					<day>09</day>
					<month>06</month>
					<year>2020</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="rev-recd">
					<day>31</day>
					<month>08</month>
					<year>2021</year>
				</date>
				<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>04</day>
					<month>08</month>
					<year>2022</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Abstract</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Objective:</title>
					<p> This study presents the results of an internal validation of a successful transition and adaptation preparation for a post-career career program for senior adults.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Method:</title>
					<p> A total of 10 judges, with in-depth knowledge in the field of vocational guidance and career development, were asked to decide about the congruence between a set of activities and the dimensions and the development tasks that constitute the rationale of the program.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Results:</title>
					<p> Out of the total of 11 activities that make up the core of the program, eight were unanimously considered to be adequate for the intervention’s objectives, that is, in direct relation to the theoretical rationale, namely the dimensions and relevant development tasks.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusion:</title>
					<p> The results obtained demonstrate a good acceptance of the program by the judges to whom it was presented.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>Program</kwd>
				<kwd>retirement</kwd>
				<kwd>Validation study</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="6"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="36"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<p>The developmental literature has indicated that the transition to retirement is an event that takes place in an adult’s life, around the age of 65, and in which the person significantly (abruptly or progressively) abandons the role of worker, due to being close to his/her “end of life”. At the same time, these adults seek to reconcile with the past, often engaging more actively in other life roles (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Erikson, 1959</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Greenhaus et al., 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Havighurst, 1953</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Levinson, 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Peck, 1956</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Super, 1980</xref>). Although these theoretical developmental models (e.g., Bühler’s Life Course Theory; Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory; Super Career Development Model) are quite useful in contextualizing the characteristics, challenges and development tasks of this particular phase of aging, they do not reflect the current configurations of life/career trajectories of people over 65 years of age (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Pinto, 2021</xref>).</p>
		<p>Currently, a long post-retirement period is expected, as a result of the increase in average life expectancy and the change in health, housing, social and economic conditions. In the European Union of 27 countries, in 2018, the resident population aged 65 or over corresponded to 20.1% of the total population. In Portugal, statistics indicate that, in the same year, about 21.7% of the population was elderly, with countries such as Germany, Bulgaria, Finland, Italy and Greece being in a similar situation. These new conditions make the transition to retirement a significant milestone in adult life; during the retirement period a large number of people continue to be involved in productive activities (of a formal or non-formal nature), which have an impact on their levels of physical, psychological and social well-being (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Fonseca, 2011</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Lee et al., 2020</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Lippke &amp; Cihlar, 2021</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">Rodríguez-Monforte et al., 2020</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">Vidovićová, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">Wanka, 2020</xref>), while enabling them to respond to the needs of the community in which they live. When reviewing the activity rate of this group, the data indicate that, in the European Union, about 5.4% of that population is still working, thus holding an active position in society. In Portugal, the data indicate that the working retiree population is more than double, 11.5%. And, although some people’s condition stem from economic necessity, a recent study carried out by the Eurofound agency indicates that more than half of those individuals who remain active are so because they feel capable, they enjoy what they do, or intend to “feel useful”; by the same token they also cope with loneliness and social isolation (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Eurofound, 2019</xref>). The new forms of transition to a post-career career should promote those adults’ active citizenship and social inclusion, even if they demand an adjustment and adaptation effort, in order to ensure a successful transition (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Cohen-Mansfield &amp; Regev, 2018</xref>).</p>
		<p>However, the more or less successful way in which people go through this stage of life depends on their ability to put into practice the attitudes, behaviors and skills necessary for coping with a set of tasks and challenges peculiar of this phase of life. A large proportion of people transitioning to a post-career career anticipate that this will translate into a negative change considering their current life circumstances, which would lead to a set of losses (e.g., in the sense of identity, meaning and usefulness; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Barros de Oliveira, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Ferreira, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Mooney et al., 2021</xref>). It is therefore necessary to develop initiatives that facilitate the transition to formal retirement, supporting the idea of valuing this new stage of adult development and also social sustainability itself.</p>
		<p>At this stage of life career management support programs constitute a valuable resource to promote the sense of empowerment of those adults, providing them with a set of tools that make them more apt to effectively manage this period of transition and adaptation to a post-retirement life (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Greenhaus et al., 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Leandro-França et al., 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Peterson &amp; Murphy, 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Pinto, 2019</xref>). These programs, essentially preventive and developmental, have adopted either a more restricted or more comprehensive perspective of retirement (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">Hershey et al., 2003</xref>) focusing different topics, such as health, home setting, finance, leisure and social relationships (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Beehr &amp; Bowling, 2002</xref>), and have achieved mostly positive results, with regard to a set of cognitive, motivational and behavioral changes following retirement (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Ogunbameru &amp; Sola, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">Pazzim &amp; Marin, 2018</xref>). However, it is a resource that has scarcely been made available to those adults, contrary to the basic principle that career interventions should be provided at any stage of the life cycle, including during the transition to retirement (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">Rodríguez-Monforte et al., 2020</xref>). For example, in a recent article, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Leandro-França et al. (2016)</xref> identified only eleven scientific articles, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, between 1975 and 2014, focusing on the presentation of intervention programs to support the transition to retirement. Only four of those papers had a solid theoretical rationale in their conceptualization.</p>
		<p>In this connection the need to deepen the understanding of the transition to this new phase of life is highlighted, with the aim of contributing to an expansion and updating of theoretical models that can serve as a rationale for the development of intervention programs, from the conceptualization of new (sub)stages of career development in adulthood. It is also important to invest in the development of more support programs for this stage of life that, based on the aforementioned theoretical frameworks, help those adults to solve a set of developmental tasks, such as exploring new interests and competences, the reassessment of life values, the analysis of attitudes, needs and fears regarding this stage of life, the identification and acknowledge of support resources, among others.</p>
		<p>In this connection, based on what has been mentioned, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Pinto and Rebelo-Pinto (2020)</xref> developed the program “Retirement: Surviving or Adapting?! A Transition Support Program”. The proposed intervention program fits into the post-career career concept, which consists of a development phase that occurs after formal retirement of a job/continued work (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Pinto, 2021</xref>). This period requires involvement in a set of developmental tasks organized into three dimensions, namely Identity, Opportunity and Adaptation. Both the dimensions and the proposed tasks resulted from the review of the main developmental theoretical models (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Erikson, 1959</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Greenhaus et al., 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Havighurst, 1953</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Levinson, 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Peck, 1956</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Super, 1980</xref>) as they are considered to best support a comprehensive and integrative approach to this particular phase of the life cycle (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Fonseca, 2021</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Pinto, 2021</xref>).</p>
		<p>The Identity dimension encompasses a set of developmental tasks through which participants engage in rebuilding their sense of self, usefulness and self-esteem. In this connection, people are encouraged to explore information about themselves, their past and present, their characteristics, interests, skills, values and attitudes, in order to develop a more enlightened sense about themselves (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Erikson, 1959</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Havighurst, 1953</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Levinson, 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Peck, 1956</xref>). The Opportunity dimension encompasses a set of developmental tasks through which participants engage in active exploration of the environment, new activities, resources and relationships. In this connection, people are encouraged to proactively explore information about their current retirement situation, the setting in which they live, the opportunities to create or maintain the lifestyle they desire regarding personal, family, social, economic, leisure and community terms, and the resources needed to achieve that lifestyle (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Havighurst, 1953</xref>). And, the Adaptation dimension encompasses the developmental tasks through which participants engage in planning, decision-making, and in the development of an optimized and future-oriented attitude. Thus, people are encouraged to set goals for their future, define and implement action plans that increase the probability of achieving the goals, and assess their situation in terms of levels of well-being and satisfaction with their new phase of life (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Greenhaus et al., 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Levinson, 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Peck, 1956</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">Pinto, 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Super, 1980</xref>).</p>
		<p>This study aims to validate this theoretical rationale, underlying the intervention program “Retirement: Survive or Adapt?! A Transition Support Program”. For this purpose, support was requested from a group of judges, experts in the area of the construct under assessment, who decided about the congruence between the previously mentioned dimensions and the development tasks and a set of activities specifically designed by the authors of the program to favor the transition and adaptation processes to a post-career career for senior adults.</p>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>Method</title>
			<sec>
				<title>Participants</title>
				<p>A total of 10 participants were part of the group of judges. They had in-depth knowledge in the field of vocational guidance and career development. In this group, six have a PhD in Psychology with a major in Vocational Psychology, and two have a Master’s degree in Psychology, with several years professional experience and research in this field (<italic>M</italic> = 8.2; <italic>SD</italic> = 4.24; Min-Max = 2-12). The remaining two judges are second-year master’s degree candidates who have two credit units of contents associated with vocational psychology and career development.</p>
				<p>The program on which this work is based is called “Retirement: Surviving or Adapting? A Transition Support Program”. This program aims to prepare for successful transition and adjustment to a senior-adult post career period. It is a program aimed at people aged 55 or over who, regardless of their level of education and profession, have retired (or will retire) from their professional activity, but maintain health and autonomy conditions that allow them to pursue an active role in society during the post-career career period. The program is organized based on 8 sessions (sessions 1 to 8) attended by small groups (from 10 to 12 participants), on a weekly basis; each session lasts 1h30, and a follow-up session takes place two months after completion. of the program (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>). Session 1 is intended for the presentation of the program and review of the participants’ levels of well-being in connection with their stage of development. Sessions 2 to 7 are organized according to the three aforementioned dimensions (Identity, Opportunity and Adaptation). They involve a set of activities related to the development tasks identified for each of those dimensions of the post-career career phase. Session 8 is intended for program completion activities, including the review of the materials produced by the participants and the discussion around the most relevant lessons learned. Session 9 is a follow-up session aimed at monitoring the participants’ life projects that resulted from the program’s activities. The program further provides for an evaluation scheme. Sessions 1, 8 and 9 include the use of instruments to assess post-career career task-solving styles, and participants’ resilience and well-being levels, as a means of evaluating results. And, sessions 3, 5 and 7 include the use of an instrument to assess the participants’ reactions to the psychoeducational intervention process. The program has specific materials prepared by its authors. These materials are photocopied to form a brief career portfolio for each participant.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t1">
						<label>Table 1.</label>
						<caption>
							<title><italic>Retirement - survive or adapt? A transition support program: intervention framework</italic></title>
						</caption>
						<table cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="none">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<tbody>
								<tr style="border-bottom:1pt solid black;">
									<td align="left">Session</td>
									<td align="center">Dimension</td>
									<td align="center">Objective</td>
									<td align="center">Development tasks</td>
									<td align="center">Activities</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">1</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="6">Identity</td>
									<td align="center">Pre-test administration</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="justify">- Post-Career Career: Coping Styles - Resilience Scale - Subjective Well-Being Scale</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">1</td>
									<td align="center">Presentation</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="justify">1: Bingo!</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">2</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="4">Rebuilding a sense of identity, usefulness and self-esteem</td>
									<td align="justify">- Re-evaluate oneself</td>
									<td align="justify">2: Citizen’s Card</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">2</td>
									<td align="justify">- Reassess his/her trajectory/life story</td>
									<td align="justify">3: Road of Life</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">3</td>
									<td align="justify">- Recognize and explore new interests and skills</td>
									<td align="justify">4: Futuristic Curriculum</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">3</td>
									<td align="justify">- Re-evaluate life values</td>
									<td align="justify">5: PPR: Cash Values</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-top:1pt solid black;">
									<td align="left">4</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="4">Opportunity</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="4">Proactively explore activities, resources and relationships</td>
									<td align="justify">- Review expectations, beliefs, and myths about retirement and review attitudes, needs and fears regarding this new phase of life</td>
									<td align="justify">6: Wailing Wall</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">4</td>
									<td align="justify">- Identify and recognize resources</td>
									<td align="justify">7: I think you should</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">5</td>
									<td align="justify">- Identify and explore possibilities for paid work, volunteer work and new leisure activities, and/or re-entry into the education system;</td>
									<td align="justify">8: Activities Fair</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">5</td>
									<td align="justify">- Develop warm and affectionate relationships with others</td>
									<td align="justify">9: Relational Thermometer</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-top:1pt solid black;">
									<td align="left">6</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="7">Adaptation</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="4">Develop an optimized and future-oriented attitude</td>
									<td align="justify">- Set goals and develop action plans</td>
									<td align="justify">10: GPS: Part I</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">6</td>
									<td align="justify">- Monitor the implementation of transition and adaptation to retirement plan</td>
									<td align="justify">10: GPS: Part II</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">7</td>
									<td align="justify">- Reorganize / reconfigure the life project</td>
									<td align="justify" rowspan="2">11: Launching Ramp</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">7</td>
									<td align="justify">- Promote levels of resilience, well-being and satisfaction with this new phase of life</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">8</td>
									<td align="center">Conclusion</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="justify">12: WhatsApp message</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">8</td>
									<td align="center">Post-test management</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="justify">- Post-Career Career: Coping Styles - Resilience Scale - Subjective Well-Being Scale</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">9</td>
									<td align="center">Follow-up management</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="justify">- Post-Career Career: Coping Styles - Resilience Scale - Subjective Well-Being Scale</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Procedures</title>
				<p>The group of expert judges was invited to participate in this investigation by email that informed the objectives of the request for collaboration and had also two documents attached. The first one presented the post-career career concept and its theoretical rationale based on three dimensions and 12 developmental tasks. The second document presented a description of each of the 11 activities of the intervention program (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>). The judges had to associate each program activity to the dimension (Identity, Opportunity or Adaptation) and to the relevant developmental task. The activities were presented to the judges at random. It was not mentioned how many activities there were in the program associated with each dimension or task. This study was approved by the Catholic Research Center for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing of the Universidade Católica Portuguesa, complying with all ethical requirements. In this connection, all participants were duly informed about the ethical issues of this investigation, namely the data anonymity and confidentiality and the possibility of choosing not to participate in the study.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t2">
						<label>Table 2.</label>
						<caption>
							<title><italic>Intervention program activities: description provided to judges</italic></title>
						</caption>
						<table cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="rows">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<tbody valign="top">
								<tr style="border-bottom:1pt solid black;">
									<td align="left">Activities</td>
									<td align="center">Descriptive</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">1: Bingo!</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">2: Citizen’s Card</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Use activity card</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Spread cards with personality traits - more or less positive</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Participants to review all available features and, in turn, each one takes a card and gives his/her opinion on the meaning and/or importance of the feature of that card</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Each participant selects, among the available characteristics, the ones he/she considers that best characterize him/her</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Participants will have their “citizen’s card” filled in with the characteristics with which they identify themselves</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">3: Road of Life</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Use activity sheet; the road as a metaphor for the idea of life</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Use “signposts” to represent the most striking moments (either positive or negative)</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>On the upper side of the road indicate the positive events (rectangular signs) and on the lower side indicate the negative events (triangular signs)</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Next to each event, indicate what helped (trees) but also obstacles encountered (stumbling blocks)</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Next to each event, reflect on the main learning developed and that they intend to keep with them during this new phase of life (treasure chests)</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">4: Futuristic Curriculum</td>
									<td align="left">Part I: <p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Use activity card related to the CV of the past: encourage reflection on the academic degrees obtained, including training, professional experience, and organizational/management, communication, and personal skills</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p> Part II: <p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Review interests and skills, by completing a questionnaire organized in four separate steps: (i) identify all professions and functions performed, (ii) review interests and skills, (iii) identify a profile of interests, activities, skills and contexts best suited to the characteristics of each participant, (iv) encourage participants to reflect on the results obtained</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p> Part III: <p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Making a CV regarding their future, by developing occupational goals for their future and identifying possible education/training opportunities, professional opportunities, and skills (which they may already have or need to develop) that will be crucial to achieve the objectives</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">5: PPR: Cash Values</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Explain the concept of life values and present the table with the Grace and Brown (1996) list of values</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Select, from the list presented, three life values associated with each life role</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Stimulate sharing with the group what values they most associate with each role</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Answer four questions regarding their priority life values</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Make a list with the most important values and a list with the least important values</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Reflect on how they want their most important values to be reflected in their future</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">6: Wailing Wall</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Introduce the “wailing wall” which can be a wall or blank board</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Distribute post-its to write concerns and anxieties regarding this stage of life and stick them on the “wall”</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Request ideas to organize the different contributions by theme (e.g., expectations, fears, myths and fears in relation to the family, in relation to living conditions, in relation to health…)</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">7: I think you should</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Use the themes defined in the Wailing Wall Activity, assigning each pair of participants a theme</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Use the different ideas contained in this theme and propose solutions to expectations, beliefs, or myths about retirement</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Create a story, with a character who presents the aforementioned problems, and who goes through several challenges, and contacting people or entities, until culminating in the resolution of the challenges</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>The story must be developed in the form of a comic strip; alternatively, participants can choose to perform a role-play</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">8: Activities Fair</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Stimulate brainstorming about all kinds of activities that can be done during the retirement period</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Distribute a set of cards with “coins” - related to time (hours or minutes) that totals 24 hours</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Distribute the activity card, with different categories that can be organizers of these activities (for example, to earn money, to help the family)</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Participants must use their time cards (exchange currency) in order to “buy” activities they would like to spend their time upon their retirement</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Select at least one activity in at least four of the categories identified</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">9: Relational Thermometer</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Use an activity card. Each page deals with a particular relational group - family relationships, friendships and other acquaintances</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>For each relational group, select three people and write their name in the relevant blanks</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Assess the quality of your relationship with each of these people, from a distant/indifferent relationship to a warm relationship</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Indicate the people with whom they have the best and worst relationships and review the reasons for this</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Anticipate strategies to promote tolerance, forgiveness, resilience and self-help that can be useful in improving the quality of their relationships</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">10: GPS: Part I</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Use the results of the “Activities Fair” activity - ask participants to retrieve all the activities they intended to develop</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Select four that will represent the objectives to be achieved</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>For each activity specify what they propose to achieve (goal to achieve)</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Share in group</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">10: GPS: Part II</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Use the metaphor of a roundabout and define, for each of the previous objectives (each of the exits of the roundabout), (i) the main steps or steps necessary to achieve in order to achieve the objectives, (ii) the time period for the implementation of each step or stage, (iii) the possible obstacles that may interfere with the achievement of the objective, and (iv) the personal and social resources that may favor its attainment of the objective</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">11: Launching Ramp</td>
									<td align="left">
										<p>
											<list list-type="bullet">
												<list-item>
													<p>Stimulate an analysis of their personal career portfolio - review of all activities carried out and main conclusions associated with each one</p>
												</list-item>
												<list-item>
													<p>Use the activity card to reflect on their experience in the program, in particular on what they learned about the way they intend to redefine/reconfigure their life project; questions: (i) what do I get from these sessions; (ii) what I liked/valued the most; (iii) What doubts remain; (iv) And now? and, (v) my life motto from now on</p>
												</list-item>
											</list>
										</p>
									</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">12: WhatsApp message</td>
									<td align="center">_</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title>Data Analysis</title>
				<p>The following characteristics were taken into account, in order to ensure that those independent judges arrived at similar conclusions: (i) awareness of the research hypothesis (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Almeida &amp; Freire, 2003</xref>) (ii) development dimensions and tasks well-defined, exhaustive and mutually exclusive (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Almeida &amp; Freire, 2003</xref>); and, (iii) independence and non-contact between observers (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Almeida &amp; Freire, 2003</xref>). It was considered that the percentage of agreement between judges should be equal to or greater than 80% (according to the following formula: % A = [Na/(Na+Nd)]<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref> x 100 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Almeida &amp; Freire, 2003</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">Pasquali, 2011</xref>) for the maintenance of activity in the program.</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title>Results</title>
			<p>
				<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> presents the results of the judges’ evaluation for each of the activities of the Retirement Program: Surviving or Adapting?!. Specifically, the activities and their respective dimensions and development tasks are indicated, as well as the rates of agreement of the judges in relation to this organization.</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t3">
					<label>Table 3.</label>
					<caption>
						<title><italic>Program activities assessment by the group of judges: agreement rate</italic></title>
					</caption>
					<table cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="none">
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<tbody valign="top">
							<tr style="border-bottom:1pt solid black;">
								<td align="left">Dimension</td>
								<td align="center">Development tasks related to oneself</td>
								<td align="center">Activities</td>
								<td align="center">% of Agreement Dimension</td>
								<td align="center">% of Agreement Task</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left" rowspan="5">Identity</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="left">1: Bingo!</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Self re-evaluation</td>
								<td align="left">2: Citizen’s Card</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Reassess your trajectory/life story</td>
								<td align="left">3: Road of Life</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Acknowledge and explore new interests and skills</td>
								<td align="left">4: Futuristic Curriculum</td>
								<td align="center">70</td>
								<td align="center">70</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Re-evaluate life values</td>
								<td align="left">5: PPR: Cash Values</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-top:1pt solid black;">
								<td align="left" rowspan="4">Opportunity</td>
								<td align="left">- Review expectations, beliefs, and myths about retirement and review attitudes, needs and fears regarding this new phase of life</td>
								<td align="left">6: Wailing Wall</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Identify and recognize resources</td>
								<td align="left">7: I think you should</td>
								<td align="center">90</td>
								<td align="center">90</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Identify and explore possibilities for paid work, volunteer work and new leisure activities, and/or re-entry into the education system</td>
								<td align="left">8: Activities Fair</td>
								<td align="center">90</td>
								<td align="center">90</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Develop warm and affectionate relationships with others</td>
								<td align="left">9: Relational Thermometer</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr style="border-top:1pt solid black;">
								<td align="left" rowspan="4">Adaptation</td>
								<td align="left">- Set goals and develop action plans</td>
								<td align="left">10: GPS: Part I</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Monitor the implementation of their transition and adaptation program to retirement </td>
								<td align="left">10: GPS: Part II</td>
								<td align="center">100</td>
								<td align="center">90</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Reorganize / reconfigure the life project</td>
								<td align="left" rowspan="2">11: Launching Ramp</td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="2">100</td>
								<td align="center" rowspan="2">100</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left">- Promote levels of resilience, well-being and satisfaction with this new phase of life</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="left"> </td>
								<td align="left"> </td>
								<td align="left">12: WhatsApp</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
								<td align="center">-</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>The <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref> shows the existence of total agreement (100%) among the judges in eight activities regarding the belonging dimension, and in seven activities regarding the belonging development task. The activities that the judges most disagreed upon were: activity 4 “Futuristic curriculum”, activity 7 “I think you should”, and activity 8 “Activities fair”. In the case of activity 7, which belongs to the “Opportunity” dimension, one of the judges attributes it to the “Adaptation” dimension. Out of all the other judges who agreed with the activity, one of them considered that the associated developmental task would be “to review expectations, beliefs, and myths about retirement and to assess attitudes, needs and fears in relation to this new phase of life”. In the case of activity 8, which also belongs to the “Opportunity” dimension, one of the judges assigned it to the “Identity” dimension and to the development task “to recognize and explore new interests and skills”.</p>
			<p>As for activity 4, it generated around 30% higher levels of disagreement among the judges. Although the activity was designed to work on the “Identity” dimension and the development task “to recognize and explore new interests and competences”, three of the judges attributed it to the “Opportunity” dimension and to the tasks “Identify and recognize resources” and “Identify and explore possibilities for paid work, volunteering and new leisure activities, and/or re-entry into the education system”. These judges indicated that they considered that the title of the activity was inappropriate, not referring to the “Identity” dimension, due to its focus in the future, instead of the past and present. They also pointed out that the description of the activity over-stimulated the participants to develop occupational goals for their future, namely through the identification of potential education/training opportunities, professional opportunities, and skills (which they may already have or need to develop) that would be crucial to achieve these objectives. It should also be noted that in activity 10 “GPS-Part II”, one of the judges considered that the associated developmental task would be “to define objectives and develop action plans”. Also in activity 11 “Launch ramp”, despite all participants having associated it with the “Adaptation” dimension and with the development task “reorganize/reconfigure the life project”, the activity was designed to also contribute to “Promote resilience levels, well-being and satisfaction with this new phase of life”.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discussion</title>
			<p>This study presents the development of a program to support a successful transition and adaptation to a post-career career and, in particular, reviews the results of the preliminary assessment of its internal validity, based on the opinion of a group of judges about the relationship between the theoretical rationale that supports the intervention and the activities in which this intervention materializes.</p>
			<p>The intervention program presented was developed from the assessment of a set of theoretical and empirical studies on this stage of life, namely with a focus on needs already identified and on intervention programs or strategies already developed, (e.g., their reception with the target population, their results, and their main difficulties/gaps). This process enabled the development of a frame of reference (rationale previously presented) that favored the development of an action that is intended to be contextualized and systematic, and from which decisions about objectives, activities, materials, and moments/times of action are sustained (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Rojo et al., 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">Woodward, 2002</xref>). In particular, it was intended that the activities of the program would translate into concrete actions to be carried out by the participants, with the aim of eliminating the problems or needs identified, which in this particular case correspond to the adequate resolution a set of development tasks (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Rojo et al., 2002</xref>).</p>
			<p>The results obtained demonstrate, in the first place, a good acceptance of the program by the judges to whom it was presented. Out of the total of 11 activities that make up the core of the program, eight were unanimously considered to be adequate for the intervention’s objectives, that is, in direct relation to the theoretical rationale, namely the dimensions and relevant development tasks. A few judges raised questions about the remaining three activities, despite the fact that, in two of the activities (7 and 8), the criticisms made were not considered to be serious enough to call into question either the activities carried out or their association with the size and relevant development task. It is important to consider that, despite having sought a direct correspondence between the dimensions and the development tasks of the program rationale, and the objectives and contents of each activity, it is common to find in intervention programs, either several objectives that are only achieved through more than one activity, or several activities that are contributing to the achievement of the same objective (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Rojo et al., 2002</xref>).</p>
			<p>However, with regard to the activity 4 “Futuristic Curriculum”, the judges had several questions, as mentioned above. In order to tackle the difficulties felt, the name of the activity was changed to “Journey to the center of the self”. Initially the activity was organized in three parts: (i) preparation of the past curriculum vitae; (ii) exploration of interests and skills, by completing a brief questionnaire; and, (iii) elaboration of the curriculum vitae of the future, with the development of some occupational objectives for the future. After the judges’ feedback, the activity was modified to: (i) explore interests and competencies, by completing a brief questionnaire; (ii) review their most interesting past experiences (in different life roles) and the way in which these interests and skills were present in these experiences; and, (iii) implementation of these interests and competences in the exercise of the different roles. With these changes, it is considered that the self-knowledge component of the activity is enhanced.</p>
			<p>The main limitation of this study is that we also did not evaluate the program activities from participants of the target population, that is, future recipients of the program - adults aged 55 or over in a situation of retirement or transition to retirement. An assessment by this group could help obtain relevant information on how each activity is understood, approached and carried out, as well as the processes used, and the facilities or difficulties encountered. More specifically, some authors (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">Juste, 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Kazdin, 2010</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">2011</xref>; Leandro-França, 2016; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Rojo et al., 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">Woodward, 2002</xref>) emphasize the importance of evaluating aspects such as the general attitudes of the participants towards the activities, the effectiveness and quality of the activities presented, the (cognitive) processes and strategies used in carrying out the activities, the difficulties felt, instructions (in)sufficiency, the discussions generated in the group after the completion of each activity and the time required to their realization.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="conclusions">
			<title>Conclusion</title>
			<p>This study aimed to review the degree of agreement of a group of judges expert in Psychology in the association between each activity of the program to the dimension and relevant development task of its theoretical rationale. In short, the intervention program showed good initial quality, with regard to its connection with the theoretical rationale that backs it, motivating the continuation of studies that allow the deepening of information about it, namely with regard to the studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. This work is based on the great value of presenting an intervention program as a tool that starts from a (re)conceptualization of this new phase of life (post-career career), enables preventive and promotional intervention with senior adults, and generates new needs for training of technicians working with this population.</p>
		</sec>
		<sig-block>
			<sig>Solange Muglia Wechsler, Tatiana de Cássia Nakano<break/>Editors</sig>
		</sig-block>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ack>
			<title>Acknowledgments</title>
			<p>The author is grateful to the reviewers of this journal for the comments and suggestions made on the initial version of the manuscript.</p>
		</ack>
		<ref-list>
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		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<label><sup>2</sup></label>
				<p> Na: number of units checked simultaneously by all judges; Nd: number of units checked by some of the judges only.</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
		<fn-group>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
				<label>4</label>
				<p>How to cite this article: Pinto, J. C. (2023). Retirement: to survive or to adapt? Validation of the rationale of an intervention program. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), <italic>40</italic>, e200108. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202340e200108en">https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202340e200108en</ext-link>
				</p>
			</fn>
		</fn-group>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
		<front-stub>
		<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1982-0275202340e200108</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Relato de Pesquisa – Psicologia do Desenvolvimento | Research Report – Development Psychology</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Aposentadoria: sobreviver ou se adaptar? Validação do racional de um programa de intervenção</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8151-7412</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pinto</surname>
						<given-names>Joana Carneiro</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<author-notes>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn6">
					<p>Os autores declaram não haver conflito de interesses.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<elocation-id>e200108</elocation-id>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumo</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Objetivo:</title>
					<p> Este estudo apresenta os resultados da validação interna de um programa de preparação de transição e adaptação bem-sucedidas para um período de carreira pós-carreira de idosos.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Método:</title>
					<p> Um grupo de 10 valiadores, especialistas orientação vocacional e desenvolvimento de carreira, foram inquiridos acerca da concordância com a associação entre cada atividade e as dimensões e tarefas de desenvolvimento do racional do programa.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Resultados:</title>
					<p> Do total de 11 atividades que constituem o núcleo do programa, 8 foram unanimemente consideradas adequadas aos objetivos da intervenção; isto é, com relação direta ao racional teórico, nomeadamente às dimensões e respectivas tarefas desenvolvimentais.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Conclusão:</title>
					<p> Os resultados obtidos demonstram uma boa aceitação do programa por parte dos avaliadores a quem ele foi apresentado.</p>
				</sec>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
				<title>Palavras-chave:</title>
				<kwd>Aposentadoria</kwd>
				<kwd>Estudo de validação</kwd>
				<kwd>Programa</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<p>A literatura desenvolvimentista tem apontado a transição para a aposentadoria como um acontecimento que tem lugar na vida do adulto por volta dos 65 anos de idade e a partir do qual a pessoa abandona de forma significativa (abrupta ou progressiva) o papel de trabalhador por estar próxima do seu “fim de vida”. Ao mesmo tempo esse indivíduo procura reconciliar-se com o passado, muitas das vezes envolvendo-se, de forma mais ativa, em outros papéis de vida (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Erikson, 1959</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Greenhaus et al., 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Havighurst, 1953</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Levinson, 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Peck, 1956</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Super, 1980</xref>). Apesar desses modelos teóricos desenvolvimentistas (e.g., Teoria do Curso de Vida Humana de Bühler; Teoria de Desenvolvimento Psicossocial de Erikson; Modelo de Desenvolvimento de Carreira de Super) serem bastante úteis na contextualização das características, desafios e tarefas desenvolvimentais dessa fase particular do envelhecimento, eles não traduzem as atuais configurações das trajetórias de vida/carreira das pessoas com mais de 65 anos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Pinto, 2021</xref>).</p>
			<p>Atualmente prevê-se um longo período de vida pós-aposentadoria, fruto do aumento da esperança média de vida e da mudança nas condições de saúde, habitação, sociais e econômicas. Em 2018, com relação aos 27 países que compunham a União Europeia, a população residente com 65 ou mais anos de idade correspondia a 20,1% do total da população. Em Portugal as estatísticas indicavam que, no mesmo ano, cerca de 21,7% da população era idosa, encontrando-se situação semelhante em países como a Alemanha, a Bulgária, a Finlândia, a Itália e a Grécia. Essas novas condições permitem que a transição para a aposentadoria corresponda a um marco significativo na vida do adulto, durante o qual um grande número de pessoas continua a estar envolvida em atividades produtivas (de caráter formal ou não-formal), que repercutem nos seus níveis de bem-estar físico, psicológico e social (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">Fonseca, 2011</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">Lee et al., 2020</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">Lippke &amp; Cihlar, 2021</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">Rodríguez-Monforte et al., 2020</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">Vidovićová, 2018</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">Wanka, 2020</xref>), ao mesmo tempo que lhes permite responder às necessidades da comunidade em que vivem. Quando se analisa a taxa de atividade dessas pessoas, os dados indicam que, na União Europeia, cerca de 5,4% delas ainda trabalham, estando, assim, numa posição ativa perante a sociedade. Em Portugal, os dados apontam para mais do que o dobro de pessoas idosas trabalhando, ou seja: 11,5%. Ainda que algumas pessoas o façam por razões de necessidade econômica, um estudo recente realizado pela agência Eurofound indica que mais de metade dessas pessoas que se mantêm ativas fazem-no porque se encontram capazes, gostam do que fazem ou pretendem “sentir-se úteis”, combatendo também, desse modo, a solidão e o isolamento social (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">Eurofound, 2019</xref>). As novas formas de transição para uma carreira pós-carreira devem promover a cidadania ativa e a inclusão social desses adultos, ainda que requeiram um exercício de ajustamento e adaptação por parte das pessoas que estão vivenciando esse processo, no sentido de assegurarem uma transição bem-sucedida (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">Cohen-Mansfield &amp; Regev, 2018</xref>).</p>
			<p>No entanto, a forma mais ou menos bem-sucedida como as pessoas vivenciam essa fase da vida depende da capacidade delas de colocar em prática atitudes, comportamentos e competências necessárias para uma resposta eficaz a um conjunto de tarefas e desafios próprios dessa fase. Uma grande parte das pessoas em situação de transição para uma carreira pós-carreira antecipa que essa fase se traduzirá numa mudança negativa face às atuais circunstâncias de vida, levando a um conjunto de perdas (e.g., no sentido de identidade, significado e utilidade) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">Barros de Oliveira, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">Ferreira, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">Mooney et al., 2021</xref>). Torna-se, portanto, necessário desenvolver iniciativas que facilitem a transição para a aposentadoria formal, sustentando a ideia de valorizar essa nova etapa de desenvolvimento do adulto e também a própria sustentabilidade social.</p>
			<p>Os programas de apoio à gestão de carreira nessa fase da vida constituem-se um recurso valioso para promover o sentido de empoderamento desses adultos, proporcionando-lhes um conjunto de ferramentas que os tornem mais aptos a gerir eficazmente esse período de transição e adaptação a uma vida pós-aposentadoria (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Greenhaus et al., 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Leandro-França et al., 2016</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">Peterson &amp; Murphy, 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">Pinto, 2019</xref>). Esses programas, de aspecto essencialmente preventivo e promocional, têm adotado uma perspectiva mais limitada e compreensiva da aposentadoria (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">Hershey et al., 2003</xref>), com foco em temas diversos, como a saúde, o ambiente doméstico, as finanças, o lazer e as relações sociais (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">Beehr &amp; Bowling, 2002</xref>), e têm alcançado resultados majoritariamente positivos no que diz respeito a um conjunto de mudanças cognitivas, motivacionais e comportamentais face à aposentadoria (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">Ogunbameru &amp; Sola, 2008</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">Pazzim &amp; Marin, 2018</xref>). No entanto, trata-se de um recurso que tem sido escassamente disponibilizado a esses adultos, contrariando o princípio básico de que as intervenções na carreira devem ser facultadas a qualquer fase do ciclo de vida, incluindo a transição para a aposentadoria (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">Rodríguez-Monforte et al., 2020</xref>). A título de exemplo, num estudo recente, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">Leandro-França et al. (2016)</xref> identificaram apenas 11 artigos científicos, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol entre 1975 e 2014, com foco na apresentação de programas de intervenção de apoio à transição para a aposentadoria, dos quais apenas quatro tinham um racional teórico sólido na sua conceitualização.</p>
			<p>É nesse sentido que se salienta a necessidade de investir no aprofundamento do tema da transição para essa nova fase de vida, com a finalidade de contribuir para a expansão e atualização de modelos teóricos que possam servir de racional ao desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção, a partir da conceitualização de novos (sub)estágios de desenvolvimento da carreira na idade adulta. Importa, igualmente, a necessidade de investir no desenvolvimento de mais programas de apoio a essa fase da vida que, sustentados nos referidos referenciais teóricos, auxiliem esses adultos na resolução de um conjunto de tarefas desenvolvimentais, como a exploração de novos interesses e competências, a reavaliação de valores da vida, a análise de atitudes, necessidades e medos face a essa fase de vida, a identificação e reconhecimento de recursos de apoio, entre outros.</p>
			<p>Nesse sentido, tendo por base o que foi referido, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">Pinto e Rebelo-Pinto (2020)</xref> desenvolveram o programa “Reforma: Sobreviver ou Adaptar?! Programa de Apoio à Transição”. O programa de intervenção proposto enquadra-se no conceito de carreira pós-carreira, que consiste numa fase de desenvolvimento que ocorre após a aposentadoria formal de um emprego/trabalho continuado (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Pinto, 2021</xref>). Esse período requer o envolvimento num conjunto de tarefas desenvolvimentais organizadas em três dimensões: Identidade, Oportunidade e Adaptação. Tanto as dimensões quanto as tarefas propostas resultaram da análise dos principais modelos teóricos desenvolvimentistas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Erikson, 1959</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Greenhaus, Callanan &amp; Godschalk, 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Havighurst, 1953</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Levinson, 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Peck, 1956</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Super, 1980</xref>) por se considerar que melhor sustentam uma abordagem compreensiva e integradora dessa fase particular do ciclo de vida (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">Fonseca, 2021</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">Pinto, 2021</xref>).</p>
			<p>A dimensão Identidade engloba um conjunto de tarefas de desenvolvimento através das quais os participantes se envolvem na reconstrução do sentido de si próprio/a, da sua utilidade e autoestima. Nesse sentido, as pessoas são estimuladas a explorar informações a seu respeito, o seu passado e presente, as suas características, interesses, competências, valores e atitudes com a finalidade de desenvolver um sentido mais esclarecido acerca de si (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">Erikson, 1959</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Havighurst, 1953</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Levinson, 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Peck, 1956</xref>). A dimensão Oportunidade engloba um conjunto de tarefas de desenvolvimento através das quais os participantes se envolvem na exploração ativa do meio, de novas atividades, recursos e relações. Nesse sentido, as pessoas são estimuladas a explorar proativamente informação sobre a situação atual da aposentadoria delas, o meio em que estão inseridas, as oportunidades de criar ou manter o estilo de vida que desejam em termos pessoais, familiares, sociais, econômicos, de lazer e comunitários, e os recursos necessários para alcançarem esse estilo de vida (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">Havighurst, 1953</xref>). Já a dimensão Adaptação engloba as tarefas de desenvolvimento através das quais os participantes se envolvem no planejamento, na tomada de decisão e no desenvolvimento de uma atitude otimizada e orientada para esse futuro. Assim, as pessoas são incentivas a estabelecer objetivos para o seu futuro, a definir e implementar planos de ação que aumentem a probabilidade de alcançarem seus objetivos e a avaliar a sua situação em termos de níveis de bem-estar e satisfação com a nova fase de vida (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">Bühler, 1964</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">Greenhaus et al., 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">Levinson, 1986</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">Peck, 1956</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">Pinto, 2010</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">Super, 1980</xref>).</p>
			<p>Este estudo tem como finalidade a validação desse racional teórico, subjacente ao programa de intervenção “Reforma: Sobreviver ou Adaptar?! Programa de Apoio à Transição”. Para o efeito, solicitou-se o apoio de um conjunto de avaliadores, peritos na área do assunto em análise, que ajuizaram acerca da congruência entre as dimensões e tarefas de desenvolvimento previamente referidas e um conjunto de atividades especificamente desenhadas pelas autoras do programa para favorecer os processos de transição e adaptação a uma carreira pós-carreira de idosos.</p>
			<sec>
				<title>Método</title>
				<sec>
					<title>Participantes</title>
					<p>Do grupo de avaliadores fizeram parte um total de 10 participantes, com profundo conhecimento sobre orientação vocacional e desenvolvimento de carreira. Desse grupo, seis tinham doutorado em Psicologia com especialização em Psicologia Vocacional e dois tinham mestrado em Psicologia, com vários anos de experiência profissional e investigação na área (<italic>M</italic> = 8.2; <italic>DP</italic> = 4.24; Min-Max = 2-12). Os últimos dois participantes eram estudantes do segundo ano de mestrado, tendo cursado duas matérias com conteúdos associados à psicologia vocacional e ao desenvolvimento da carreira.</p>
					<p>O programa sobre o qual versa este trabalho tem a designação de “Reforma: Sobreviver ou Adaptar? Programa de Apoio à Transição, e visa preparar idosos para uma transição e adaptação bem-sucedidas para um período de carreira pós-carreira. Nesse sentido, o programa destina-se a pessoas com 55 ou mais anos que, independentemente do seu nível de escolaridade e ocupação profissional, se aposentaram (ou vão aposentar) da sua atividade profissional, mas têm condições de saúde e de autonomia que lhes permitem manter um papel ativo na sociedade durante o período de carreira pós-carreira. O programa está organizado num total de oito sessões de caráter semanal, com duração de 1h30 cada, e uma sessão de <italic>follow-up</italic> que ocorre dois meses após a conclusão do programa (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>), das quais participam um pequeno grupo (de 10 a 12 participantes). A sessão 1 destina-se à apresentação do programa e análise dos níveis de bem-estar dos participantes relativamente à fase de desenvolvimento em que se encontram. As sessões 2 a 7 estão organizadas em função das três dimensões referidas (Identidade, Oportunidade e Adaptação) e envolvem um conjunto de atividades relacionadas com as tarefas de desenvolvimento identificadas para cada uma dessas dimensões da fase de carreira pós-carreira. A sessão 8 destina-se a atividades de conclusão do programa através da análise dos materiais produzidos pelos participantes e do debate em torno das aprendizagens mais relevantes. A sessão 9 é uma sessão de <italic>follow-up</italic> e se destina à monitorização dos projetos de vida dos participantes, que resultaram das atividades do programa. O programa prevê ainda um esquema de avaliação. As sessões 1, 8 e 9 incluem a utilização de instrumentos para avaliação dos estilos de resolução de tarefas da carreira pós-carreira e dos níveis de resiliência e bem-estar dos participantes. Já as sessões 3, 5 e 7 incluem a utilização de um instrumento para avaliação das reações dos participantes ao processo de intervenção psicoeducativa. O programa dispõe de materiais próprios, elaborados pelas autoras, organizados de modo a constituírem um pequeno portfólio de carreira para cada participante.</p>
					<p>
						<table-wrap id="t4">
							<label>Tabela 1.</label>
							<caption>
								<title><italic>Aposentadoria - sobreviver ou se adaptar? Programa de apoio à transição: estrutura da intervenção</italic></title>
							</caption>
							<table cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="none">
								<colgroup>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
									<col/>
								</colgroup>
								<tbody valign="top">
									<tr style="border-bottom:1pt solid black;">
										<td align="left">Sessão</td>
										<td align="center">Dimensão</td>
										<td align="center">Objetivo</td>
										<td align="center">Tarefas de desenvolvimento</td>
										<td align="center">Atividades</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center" rowspan="6">Identidade</td>
										<td align="center">Administração do pré-teste</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="justify">- Carreira pós-carreira: estilos de coping - Escala de resiliência - Escala de bem-estar subjetivo</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">1</td>
										<td align="center">Apresentação</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="justify">1: Bingo!</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="center" rowspan="4">Reconstruir o sentido de identidade, utilidade e autoestima</td>
										<td align="justify">- Reavaliar a si próprio </td>
										<td align="justify">2: Cartão do cidadão</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">2</td>
										<td align="justify">- Reavaliar a sua trajetória/ história de vida</td>
										<td align="justify">3: Estrada da vida</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="justify">- Reconhecer e explorar novos interesses e competências</td>
										<td align="justify">4: Currículo futurista</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">3</td>
										<td align="justify">- Reavaliar valores de vida</td>
										<td align="justify">5: PPR: valores em caixa</td>
									</tr>
									<tr style="border-top:1pt solid black;">
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="center" rowspan="4">Oportunidade</td>
										<td align="center" rowspan="4">Explorar, de forma proativa, atividades, recursos e relações</td>
										<td align="justify">- Analisar expectativas, crenças e mitos sobre a aposentadoria e analisar atitudes, necessidades e medos em relação a essa nova fase de vida</td>
										<td align="justify">6: Muro das lamentações</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">4</td>
										<td align="justify">- Identificar e reconhecer recursos</td>
										<td align="justify">7: Penso que devias</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="justify">- Identificar e explorar possibilidades de trabalho remunerado, de voluntariado e novas atividades de lazer, e/ou de reingresso no sistema de ensino;</td>
										<td align="justify">8: Feira das atividades</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">5</td>
										<td align="justify">- Desenvolver relações calorosas e afetivas com os outros</td>
										<td align="justify">9: Termômetro relacional</td>
									</tr>
									<tr style="border-top:1pt solid black;">
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="center" rowspan="6">Adaptação</td>
										<td align="center" rowspan="4">Desenvolver uma atitude otimizada e orientada para o futuro</td>
										<td align="justify">- Definir objetivos e desenvolver planos de ação</td>
										<td align="justify">10: GPS: parte I</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">6</td>
										<td align="justify">- Monitorizar a implementação do seu plano de transição e adaptação à reforma</td>
										<td align="justify">10: GPS: parte II</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="justify">- Reorganizar/ reconfigurar o projeto de vida</td>
										<td align="justify" rowspan="2">11: Rampa de lançamento</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">7</td>
										<td align="justify">- Promover os níveis de resiliência, de bem-estar e satisfação com essa nova fase de vida</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">8</td>
										<td align="center">Conclusão</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="justify">12: Whatsapp message</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">8</td>
										<td align="center">Administração do pós-teste</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="justify">- Carreira pós-carreira: estilos de coping - Escala de resiliência - Escala de bem-estar subjetivo</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="center">9</td>
										<td align="center">Administração do <italic>follow-up</italic></td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
										<td align="justify">- Carreira pós-carreira: estilos de coping - Escala de resiliência - Escala de bem-estar subjetivo</td>
									</tr>
								</tbody>
							</table>
						</table-wrap>
					</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Procedimentos</title>
					<p>O grupo de avaliadores especialistas recebeu, por email, um convite para participar dessa investigação. Nesse email constava uma carta explicativa dos objetivos desse pedido de colaboração, bem como dois documentos anexos. O primeiro documento apresentava o conceito de carreira pós-carreira e o seu racional teórico, que se assente em três dimensões e 12 tarefas desenvolvimentais. O segundo documento apresentava um descritivo de cada uma das 11 atividades do programa de intervenção (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref>). A tarefa proposta aos avaliadores consistiu em associar cada atividade do programa a uma dimensão (Identidade, Oportunidade ou Adaptação) e à respectiva tarefa desenvolvimental do seu racional teórico. As atividades foram apresentadas aos juízes de forma aleatória. Não foi referido quantas atividades estavam associadas a cada dimensão ou tarefa. Esse estudo foi aprovado pelo <italic>Católica Research Center for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing</italic> da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, respeitando todos os requisitos éticos. Nesse sentido, todos os participantes foram devidamente esclarecidos acerca das questões éticas desta investigação, do anonimato e da confidencialidade dos dados, bem como da possibilidade de poder decidir pela não participação no estudo.</p>
					<p>
						<table-wrap id="t5">
							<label>Tabela 2</label>
							<caption>
								<title><italic>Atividades do programa de intervenção: descritivo fornecido aos avaliadores</italic></title>
							</caption>
							<table cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="rows">
								<colgroup>
									<col/>
									<col/>
								</colgroup>
								<tbody valign="top">
									<tr>
										<td align="left">Atividades</td>
										<td align="center">Descritivo</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">1: Bingo!</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">2: Cartão do cidadão</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Usar ficha de atividade</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Espalhar cartões com características de personalidade - mais ou menos positivas</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Participantes analisam todas as características disponíveis e cada um, na sua vez, tira um cartão e dá a sua opinião sobre o significado e/ou importância da característica desse cartão</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Cada participante seleciona, entre as características disponíveis, as que considera que melhor o/a caracterizam</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Cada participante terá o seu “cartão de cidadão” preenchido com as características com as quais se identifica</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">3: Estrada da vida</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Usar ficha de atividade; a estrada como uma metáfora para a ideia de vida </p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Utilizar “placas de sinalização” para representar os momentos mais marcantes (quer positivos, quer negativos)</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Do lado superior da estrada, indicar os acontecimentos positivos (placas retangulares), e, do lado inferior, indicar os acontecimentos negativos (placas triangulares)</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Junto de cada acontecimento indicar o que ajudou (árvores), mas também os obstáculos encontrados (pedras)</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Junto de cada acontecimento refletir sobre as principais aprendizagens e quais pretende guardar consigo durante essa nova fase da vida (baús do tesouro)</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">4: Currículo futurista</td>
										<td align="justify">Parte I: <p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Usar ficha de atividade relativa ao currículo do passado: estimular a refletir sobre os graus acadêmicos obtidos, incluindo formações, experiência profissional e competências organizacionais/de gestão, de comunicação e pessoais</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p> Parte II: <p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Analisar interesses e competências através do preenchimento de um questionário organizado em quatro passos distintos: (i) identificar todas as profissões e funções desempenhadas, (ii) analisar interesses e competências, (iii) identificar um perfil de interesses, atividades, competências e contextos mais adequado às características de cada participante, (iv) estimular a reflexão dos participantes acerca dos resultados obtidos</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p> Parte III: <p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Realização de um currículo em relação ao futuro através do desenvolvimento de objetivos ocupacionais para o seu futuro e da identificação de possíveis oportunidades de educação/formação, oportunidades profissionais, e competências (que já possuem ou que necessitam desenvolver) que serão cruciais para o alcance dos objetivos</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">5: PPR: valores em caixa</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Explicar o conceito de valores de vida e apresentar a tabela com a lista de valores de Grace e Brown (1996)</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Selecionar, da lista apresentada, três valores de vida em associação a cada papel de vida</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Estimular a partilha com o grupo: quais são os valores que mais associam a cada papel</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Responder quatro questões em relação aos seus valores de vida prioritários</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Efetuar uma lista com os valores mais importantes e outra com os valores menos importante</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Refletir acerca do modo como pretende que os seus valores mais importantes estejam refletidos no seu futuro</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">6: Muro das lamentações</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Introduzir o “muro das lamentações”, que pode ser uma parede ou quadro em branco</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Distribuir post-its para que o participante escreva quais são suas preocupações e ansiedades em relação a essa fase da vida e colar no “muro”</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Solicitar ideias para organizar os vários contributos por temáticas (expectativas, medos, mitos e medos em relação à família, em relação às condições de vida, em relação à saúde…)</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">7: Penso que devias</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Utilizar as temáticas definidas na atividade “Muro das lamentações” atribuindo a cada par de participantes uma temática</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Utilizar as várias ideias contidas nessa temática e propor soluções para as expectativas, crenças, ou mitos sobre a aposentadoria</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Criar uma história com uma personagem que apresente os referidos problemas e que vai passando por vários desafios e conhecendo pessoas ou entidades, até culminar na resolução dos problemas</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>A história deve ser desenvolvida sob a forma de banda desenhada; em alternativa, os participantes podem optar por realizar uma encenação</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">8: Feira das atividades</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Estimular um brainstorming acerca de todo o tipo de atividades que se pode fazer durante o período de aposentadoria </p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Distribuir um conjunto de cartões com “moedas” - relativos a tempo (horas ou minutos) - que totalizem 24h</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Distribuir a ficha de atividade com várias categorias que poderão ser organizadoras dessas atividades (por exemplo, para ganhar dinheiro, para ajudar a família)</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Os participantes devem usar os seus cartões de tempo (moeda de troca) de modo a “comprarem” atividades com as quais gostariam de ocupar o seu tempo na aposentadoria</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Selecionar no mínimo uma atividade em pelo menos quatro das categoriais apontadas</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">9: Termômetro relacional</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Usar ficha de atividade: cada página é orientada para um determinado grupo relacional - relações familiares, relações de amizade e outros conhecidos</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Para cada grupo relacional, selecionar três pessoas e escrever o seu nome nos respectivos espaços em branco</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Avaliar a qualidade da sua relação com cada uma dessas pessoas, desde uma relação distante/indiferente até uma relação calorosa;</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Indicar as pessoas com quem têm melhor e pior relacionamento e analisar as razões para isso</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Antecipar estratégias de promoção de tolerância, perdão, resiliência e autoajuda que podem ser úteis na melhoria da qualidade das suas relações</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">10: GPS: parte I</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Utilizar resultados da atividade “Feira das atividades” - solicitar aos participantes que recuperem todas as atividades que se propuseram a desenvolver</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Selecionar quatro atividades, que representarão os objetivos a atingir</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Para cada atividade, especificar o que se propõem a alcançar (meta a atingir)</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Partilhar com o grupo</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">10: GPS: parte II</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Usar a metáfora de uma rotunda e definir, para cada um dos objetivos anteriores (cada uma das saídas da rotunda), (i) os principais passos ou etapas necessárias para concretizar os objetivos, (ii) o período temporal de implementação de cada passo ou etapa, (iii) os possíveis obstáculos que podem interferir na conquista do objetivo e (iv) os recursos pessoais e sociais que podem favorecer a sua obtenção</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>.</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">11: Rampa de lançamento</td>
										<td align="justify">
											<p>
												<list list-type="bullet">
													<list-item>
														<p>Estimular uma análise do portfólio pessoal de carreira do participante - revisão de todas as atividades realizadas e principais conclusões associadas a cada uma</p>
													</list-item>
													<list-item>
														<p>Usar a ficha de atividade para refletir sobre a sua vivência no programa, em particular sobre as aprendizagens que realizaram sobre o modo como pretendem redefinir/reconfigurar o seu projeto de vida. Questões a serem respondidas: (i) o que levo dessas sessões (ii) o que mais gostei/valorizei; (iii) que dúvidas ficaram; (iv) E agora?; (v) o meu lema de vida daqui em diante</p>
													</list-item>
												</list>
											</p>
										</td>
									</tr>
									<tr>
										<td align="left">12: Whatsapp message</td>
										<td align="center">-</td>
									</tr>
								</tbody>
							</table>
						</table-wrap>
					</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title>Análise de dados</title>
					<p>Foram tidas em consideração as seguintes características, de forma a assegurar que esses avaliadores independentes produzissem conclusões semelhantes: (i) conhecimento da hipótese de investigação (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Almeida &amp; Freire, 2003</xref>) (ii) dimensões e tarefas desenvolvimentais bem definidas, exaustivas e mutuamente exclusivas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Almeida &amp; Freire, 2003</xref>) e (iii) independência e não-contato entre os observadores (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Almeida &amp; Freire, 2003</xref>). Considerou-se que a percentagem de concordância entre os avaliadores deveria ser igual ou superior a 80% (de acordo com a seguinte fórmula: % A = [Na/(Na+Nd)]<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref> x 100) (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">Almeida &amp; Freire, 2003</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">Pasquali, 2011</xref>) para a manutenção da atividade no programa.</p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>Resultados</title>
				<p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref> apresenta os resultados da análise do grupo de avaliadores a cada uma das atividades do programa “Reforma: Sobreviver ou Adaptar?!”. Especificamente, são indicadas as atividades e respetivas dimensões e tarefas de desenvolvimento, assim como as percentagens de concordância dos avaliadores em relação a essa organização.</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t6">
						<label>Tabela 3.</label>
						<caption>
							<title><italic>Avaliação das atividades do programa pelo grupo de avaliadores: percentagem de acordo</italic></title>
						</caption>
						<table cellpadding="5" frame="hsides" rules="none">
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<tbody valign="top">
								<tr style="border-bottom:1pt solid black;">
									<td align="left">Dimensão</td>
									<td align="center">Tarefas de desenvolvimento relacionadas com o próprio (self)</td>
									<td align="center">Atividades</td>
									<td align="center">% de acordo dimensão</td>
									<td align="center">% de acordo tarefa</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left" rowspan="5">Identidade</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="justify">1: Bingo!</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Reavaliar a si próprio </td>
									<td align="justify">2: Cartão do cidadão</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Reavaliar a sua trajetória/ história de vida</td>
									<td align="justify">3: Estrada da vida</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Reconhecer e explorar novos interesses e competências</td>
									<td align="justify">4: Currículo futurista</td>
									<td align="center">70</td>
									<td align="center">70</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Reavaliar valores de vida</td>
									<td align="justify">5: PPR: valores em caixa</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-top:1pt solid black;">
									<td align="left" rowspan="4">Oportunidade</td>
									<td align="justify">- Analisar expectativas, crenças e mitos sobre a aposentadoria e analisar atitudes, necessidades e medos em relação a essa nova fase da vida</td>
									<td align="justify">6: Muro das lamentações</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Identificar e reconhecer recursos</td>
									<td align="justify">7: Penso que devias</td>
									<td align="center">90</td>
									<td align="center">90</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Identificar e explorar possibilidades de trabalho remunerado, de voluntariado e novas atividades de lazer e/ou de reingresso no sistema de ensino</td>
									<td align="justify">8: Feira das atividades</td>
									<td align="center">90</td>
									<td align="center">90</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Desenvolver relações calorosas e afetivas com os outros</td>
									<td align="justify">9: Termômetro relacional</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
								</tr>
								<tr style="border-top:1pt solid black;">
									<td align="left" rowspan="4">Adaptação</td>
									<td align="justify">- Definir objetivos e desenvolver planos de ação</td>
									<td align="justify">10: GPS: parte I</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Monitorizar a implementação do seu plano de transição e adaptação à aposentadoria</td>
									<td align="justify">10: GPS: parte II</td>
									<td align="center">100</td>
									<td align="center">90</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Reorganizar/reconfigurar o projeto de vida</td>
									<td align="justify" rowspan="2">11: Rampa de lançamento</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="2">100</td>
									<td align="center" rowspan="2">100</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="justify">- Promover níveis de resiliência, bem-estar e satisfação com essa nova fase de vida</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left"> </td>
									<td align="left"> </td>
									<td align="left">12: Whatsapp</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
									<td align="center">-</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>A leitura da <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> permite verificar a existência de total concordância (100%) entre os avaliadores com relação às oito atividades no que diz respeito à dimensão de pertença e em sete atividades no que diz respeito à tarefa de desenvolvimento de pertença. As atividades nas quais os juízes mais discordaram foram: atividade 4 - “Currículo futurista”, atividade 7 - “Penso que devias” e atividade 8 - “Feira das atividades”. No caso da atividade 7, que pertence à dimensão “Oportunidade”, um dos avaliadores atribuiu a ela a dimensão “Adaptação”. De todos os avaliadores que concordaram com a pertença da atividade à dimensão “Oportunidade”, um deles considerou que a tarefa desenvolvimental associada seria “analisar expectativas, crenças e mitos sobre a reforma e analisar atitudes, necessidades e medos em relação a esta nova fase de vida”. No caso da atividade 8, que também pertence à dimensão “Oportunidade”, um dos avaliadores atribuiu à dimensão “Identidade” e à tarefa desenvolvimental “reconhecer e explorar novos interesses e competências”.</p>
				<p>A atividade 4 foi a que gerou níveis mais elevados de desacordo entre os avaliadores, nomeadamente na ordem dos 30%. Apesar da atividade ter sido pensada para trabalhar a dimensão “Identidade” e a tarefa desenvolvimental “reconhecer e explorar novos interesses e competências”, três dos avaliadores atribuíram-na à dimensão “Oportunidade” e às tarefas “Identificar e reconhecer recursos” e “Identificar e explorar possibilidades de trabalho remunerado, de voluntariado e novas atividades de lazer, e/ou de reingresso no sistema de ensino”. Esses avaliadores indicaram considerar que o título da atividade era inadequado, não remetendo à dimensão “Identidade” devido ao seu foco no futuro, ao invés do passado e presente. Salientaram ainda que a descrição da atividade estimulava demasiadamente os participantes a desenvolverem objetivos ocupacionais para o seu futuro, nomeadamente através da identificação de possíveis oportunidades de educação/formação, oportunidades profissionais e competências (que já possuíssem ou necessitassem desenvolver) que seriam cruciais para alcançar esses objetivos. Importa ainda salientar que na atividade 10 - “GPS - parte II”, um dos avaliadores considerou que a tarefa desenvolvimental associada seria “definir objetivos e desenvolver planos de ação”. Com relação à atividade 11 - “Rampa de lançamento”, apesar de todos os participantes a terem associado à dimensão “Adaptação” e à tarefa desenvolvimental “reorganizar/reconfigurar o projeto de vida”, a atividade foi pensada para contribuir também para “promover os níveis resiliência, de bem-estar e satisfação com esta nova fase de vida”.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussão</title>
				<p>Este estudo apresenta o desenvolvimento de um programa de apoio a uma transição e adaptação bem-sucedidas a uma carreira pós-carreira e, em particular, analisa os resultados da análise preliminar da validade interna desse programa a partir da opinião de um conjunto de avaliadores acerca da relação entre o racional teórico que sustenta a intervenção e as atividades nas quais essa intervenção se materializa.</p>
				<p>O programa de intervenção apresentado foi desenvolvido a partir da análise de um conjunto de estudos teóricos e empíricos sobre essa fase da vida, nomeadamente com foco em necessidades já identificadas e em programas ou estratégias de intervenção já desenvolvidas (e.g., como o acolhimento da população-alvo, os resultados e as principais dificuldades/lacunas do programa). Esse processo possibilitou a elaboração de um quadro de referência (racional anteriormente apresentado) que favorecesse o desenvolvimento de uma ação contextualizada e sistemática e a partir do qual decisões acerca dos objetivos, atividades, materiais e momentos/tempos de ação fossem sustentadas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Rojo et al., 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">Woodward, 2002</xref>). Em particular, pretendia-se que as atividades do programa se traduzissem em ações concretas que os participantes realizariam com a finalidade de eliminarem os problemas ou necessidades identificadas (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Rojo et al., 2002</xref>), o que, nesse caso em particular, corresponde à resolução adequada de um conjunto de tarefas desenvolvimentais.</p>
				<p>Os resultados obtidos demonstram, em primeiro lugar, uma boa aceitação do programa por parte dos avaliadores a quem ele foi apresentado. Do total de 11 atividades que constituem o núcleo do programa, 8 foram unanimemente consideradas adequadas aos objetivos da intervenção; isto é, com relação direta ao racional teórico, nomeadamente às dimensões e respectivas tarefas desenvolvimentais. As três atividades restantes suscitaram dúvidas em alguns dos avaliadores, mas as críticas levantadas com relação às atividades 7 e 8 não foram consideradas suficientemente graves para colocar em causa as atividades e a sua associação delas às respectivas dimensão e atividade desenvolvimental. É importante considerar que, apesar de terem como objetivo realizar uma correspondência direta entre as dimensões e as tarefas desenvolvimentais do racional do programa e os objetivos e conteúdos de cada atividade, é comum existirem, nos programas de intervenção, objetivos que só são alcançados através de mais de uma atividade (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Rojo et al., 2002</xref>).</p>
				<p>Conforme dito anteriormente, a atividade 4 - “Currículo futurista” suscitou diversas dúvidas nos avaliadores. No sentido de solucionar as dificuldades sentidas, a designação da atividade foi alterada para “Viagem ao centro do eu”. Inicialmente a atividade estava organizada em três partes: (i) elaboração do currículo vitae do passado; (ii) exploração de interesses e competências através do preenchimento de um breve questionário e (iii) elaboração do currículo vitae do futuro, com desenvolvimento de alguns objetivos ocupacionais para o seu futuro. Após o feedback dos avaliadores, a atividade foi modificada para: (i) exploração de interesses e competências através do preenchimento de um breve questionário; (ii) análise das experiências mais interessantes do passado (nos diversos papéis de vida) do participante e do modo como esses interesses e competências estiveram presentes nessas experiências e (iii) implementação desses interesses e competências no exercício dos diversos papéis. Com essas alterações, considera-se que o componente de autoconhecimento da atividade foi reforçado.</p>
				<p>Entende-se como uma limitação do estudo o fato das atividades do programa não terem sido avaliadas também por representantes do público-alvo - adultos com 55 anos ou mais em situação de aposentadoria ou em transição para a aposentadoria. Uma avaliação feita por esse grupo poderia ajudar na obtenção de informações pertinentes sobre a forma como cada atividade era é compreendida, abordada e realizada, bem como a respeito dos processos utilizados e das facilidades ou dificuldades encontradas. Alguns autores, mais especificamente (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">Juste, 2000</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">Kazdin, 2010</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">2011</xref>; Leandro-França, 2016; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">Rojo et al., 2002</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">Woodward, 2002</xref>), salientam a importância de avaliar aspetos como as atitudes gerais dos participantes face às atividades, a eficácia e qualidade das atividades apresentadas, os processos cognitivos e estratégias usadas na concretização das atividades, as dificuldades sentidas, (in)suficiência das instruções, as discussões geradas no grupo após a realização de cada atividades e o tempo requerido para a sua realização.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="conclusions">
				<title>Conclusão</title>
				<p>Este estudo visou analisar o grau de concordância de um conjunto de avaliadores especialistas em Psicologia na associação de cada atividade do programa à dimensão e respectiva tarefa desenvolvimental do seu racional teórico. Em suma, o programa de intervenção demonstrou boa qualidade inicial no que diz respeito à sua ligação com o racional teórico que o sustenta, motivando o prosseguimento de estudos que possibilitem o aprofundamento de informações a seu respeito, nomeadamente no que concerne a estudos de avaliação da eficácia da intervenção. A importância deste trabalho se justifica por apresentar um programa de intervenção enquanto ferramenta que parte de uma (re)conceitualização dessa nova fase de vida (carreira pós-carreira), possibilita a intervenção preventiva e promocional em idosos e suscita novas necessidades de formação dos técnicos que atuam junto dessa população.</p>
			</sec>
			<sig-block>
				<sig>Solange Muglia Wechsler, Tatiana de Cássia Nakano<break/>Editores</sig>
			</sig-block>
		</body>
		<back>
			<ack>
				<title>Agradecimentos</title>
				<p>A autora agradece aos revisores desta revista pelos comentários e sugestões realizadas à versão inicial do manuscrito.</p>
			</ack>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
					<label><sup>2</sup></label>
					<p> Na: número de unidades verificadas simultaneamente por todos os avaliadores; Nd: número de unidades verificadas por apenas alguns dos avaliadores.</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
			<fn-group>
				<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
					<label>7</label>
					<p>Como citar este artigo: Pinto, J. C. (2023). Aposentadoria: sobreviver ou se adaptar? Validação do racional de um programa de intervenção. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), <italic>40</italic>, e200108. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202340e200108">https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202340e200108</ext-link>
					</p>
				</fn>
			</fn-group>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>