Healthcare professionals and dignity in the care of terminally ill older adults

a mixed-methods study

Authors

Keywords:

Aged, Dignity, Health personnel, Palliative care, Terminal care, Terminally ill

Abstract

Objective
This research investigated healthcare professionals’ perceptions of dignity in the care of terminally ill older adults.
Method
A mixed-method approach was used, with the End-of-Life Patient Dignity Model as the theoretical framework. A total of 101 participants were interviewed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as thematic content analysis.
Results
Maintaining dignity involves empathy, communication skills, respect for values and beliefs, and attention to religious/spiritual needs. Technical knowledge, teamwork, patient-centered care, and professional conduct also contribute to preserving dignity.
Conclusion
Dignity in end-of-life care requires integration of relational and technical competencies. Further research is needed to inform care initiatives and health education guidelines that support dignity-conserving practices.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Balducci, L. (2019). Geriatric oncology, spirituality, and palliative care. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 57(1), 171-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.05.009

Bardin, L. (2011). Análise de conteúdo. Edições 70.

Bovero, A., Tosi, C., Botto, R., Cito, A., Malerba, V., Molfetta, V., Ieraci, V., & Torta, R. (2020). The Health Care Providers’ Perspectives on End-of-Life Patients’ Sense of Dignity. A Comparison Among Four Different Professionals’ Categories. Journal of Cancer Education, 35(6), 1184-1192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-019-01577-4

Bovero, A., Tosi, C., Botto, R., Pidinchedda, A., Gottardo, F., Asta, G., & Torta, R. (2022). A Qualitative study to explore healthcare providers’ perspectives on end-of-life patients’ dignity. How can dignity be defined, and which strategies exist to maintain dignity? Journal of Cancer Education: The Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Education, 37(2), 280-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01808-z

Chochinov, H. M. (2007). Dignity and the essence of medicine: The A, B, C, and D of dignity conserving care. BMJ, 335(7612), 184-187. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39244.650926.47

Chochinov, H. M. (2023). Dignity in care: the human side of medicine. Oxford University Press.

Chochinov, H. M., Hack, T., McClement, S., Kristjanson, L., & Harlos, M. (2002). Dignity in the terminally ill: a developing empirical model. Social Science & Medicine, 54(3), 433-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00084-3

Chochinov, H. M., Krisjanson, L. J., Hack, T. F., Hassard, T., McClement, S., & Harlos, M. (2006). Dignity in the Terminally Ill: Revisited. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9(3), 666-672. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2006.9.666

Choo, P. Y., Tan-Ho, G., Dutta, O., Patinadan, P. V., & Ho, A. H. Y. (2020). Reciprocal dynamics of dignity in endof-life care: a multiperspective systematic review of qualitative and mixed methods research. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, 37(5), 385-398. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909119878860

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2014). Pesquisa de métodos mistos (2nd ed.). Penso.

Fetters, M. D., Curry, L. A., & Creswell, J. W. (2013). Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices. Health Services Research, 48(6pt2), 2134-2156. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12117

Gabbard, J., Johnson, D., Russell, G., Spencer, S., Williamson, J. D., McLouth, L. E., Ferris, K. G., Sink, K., Brenes, G., & Yang, M. (2020). Prognostic awareness, disease and palliative understanding among caregivers of patients with dementia. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®, 37(9), 683-691. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909119895497

Im, J., Mak, S., Upshur, R., Steinberg, L., & Kuluski, K. (2019). “Whatever happens, happens” challenges of endof- life communication from the perspective of older adults and family caregivers: a qualitative study. BMC Palliative Care, 18(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-019-0493-7

Lima, V. M. D. R., Amaral-Rosa, M. P., & Ramos, M. G. (2021). Análise Textual Discursiva apoiado por nsoftware: IRaMuTeQ e a análise de subcorpus. New Trends in Qualitative Research, 7, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.36367/ntqr.7.2021.1-9

Mema, A., Bressan, V., Stevanin, S., & Cadorin, L. (2024). The perception of dignity in the hospitalized patient: findings from a meta-synthesis. Nursing Ethics, 32(1), 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330241238339

Moreira, D. A., Portella, M. R., & Alves, V. P. (2021). Espiritualidade e a velhice: perspectivas na produção científica. Interações, 16(1). https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3130/313066091005/movil/

Moudatsou, M., Stavropoulou, A., Philalithis, A., & Koukouli, S. (2020). The role of empathy in health and social care professionals. Healthcare, 8(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010026

O’Brien, M. R., Kinloch, K., Groves, K. E., & Jack, B. A. (2019). Meeting patients’ spiritual needs during end-of-life care: a qualitative study of nurses’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of spiritual care training. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(1-2), 182-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14648

Pentaris, P., & Tripathi, K. (2022). Palliative professionals’ views on the importance of religion, belief, and spiritual identities toward the end of life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), Artigo 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106031

Ratinaud, P. (2013). Iramuteq: interface de R pour les Analysis Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (Versão 0.7 alpha 2) [Phyton; Software para análise textual]. Université de Toulouse - Laboratoire d’Études et de Recherches Appliquées en Sciences Sociales. http://www.iramuteq.org/

Saracino, R. M., Rosenfeld, B., Breitbart, W., & Chochinov, H. M. (2019). Psychotherapy at the end of life. The American Journal of Bioethics, 19(12), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2019.1674552

Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal. (2022a). Força de trabalho. Portal Infosaúde. Governo do Distrito Federal. https://info.saude.df.gov.br/forcadetrabalho/

Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal. (2022b). Hospitais. Portal Infosaúde. Governo do Distrito Federal. https://info.saude.df.gov.br/hospitaisses/

Sousa, Y. S. O. (2021). O Uso do Software Iramuteq: fundamentos de lexicometria para pesquisas qualitativas. Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia, 21(4), Artigo 4. https://doi.org/10.12957/epp.2021.64034

Tauber-Gilmore, M., Addis, G., Zahran, Z., Black, S., Baillie, L., Procter, S., & Norton, C. (2018). The views of older people and health professionals about dignity in acute hospital care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(1-2), 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13877

Published

2025-11-19

How to Cite

de Araújo Cordeiro Valentim, F., & Alves, V. P. (2025). Healthcare professionals and dignity in the care of terminally ill older adults: a mixed-methods study. Psychological Studies (Campinas), 42. Retrieved from https://puccampinas.emnuvens.com.br/estpsi/article/view/17794