Análise exploratória da associação entre estatura, obesidade e insegurança alimentar em adultos no Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação 2017-2018
Palavras-chave:
Adulto, Estatura, Índice de massa corporal, Brasil, Insegurança alimentar, ObesidadeResumo
Objetivo
Avaliar a baixa estatura como possível explicação para a obesidade, e identificar se o consumo de energia, proteína, carboidrato e lipídios esteve associado ao maior risco de obesidade em adultos brasileiros (20-59 anos) que vivem em domicílios em insegurança alimentar domiciliar.
Métodos
Estudo transversal realizado com dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2017/2018 (N=28.112). A Insegurança alimentar domiciliar foi medida pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. A baixa estatura (mulheres ≤149cm; homens ≤160cm) foi utilizada como indicador de alterações metabólicas decorrentes da presença de insegurança alimentar. O índice de massa corporal (kg/m2) foi estimado a partir do peso e altura autorreferidos. A média de ingestão alimentar foi estimada a partir do recordatório de 24 horas. As médias ponderadas e o erro padrão das categorias de segurança/insegurança alimentar foram avaliadas segundo estatura, médias de ingestão energéticas e de proteínas(g), carboidratos(g) e lipídios(g), estratificado por sexo e estado nutricional.
Resultados
Homens e mulheres com obesidade e insegurança alimentar apresentaram a média de estatura significativamente menor em comparação aqueles com segurança alimentar (p-valor <0,01). A prevalência de obesidade 1 (índice de massa corporal 30-34,9Kg/m2) aumentou significativamente com a insegurança alimentar entre as mulheres. Houve tendência de baixa estatura entre mulheres obesas de famílias com insegurança alimentar, bem como menor ingestão de energia. Entre homens e mulheres, a menor ingestão de proteína e a maior ingestão de carboidratos foram observadas no grupo de baixo peso (índice de massa corporal <18,5Kg/m2).
Conclusão
Nas mulheres, o risco de obesidade pode depender do metabolismo, pois quem apresenta insegurança alimentar e desenvolve obesidade possui baixa estatura e menor ingestão energética.
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