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    <front>
        <journal-meta>
            <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rn</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                <journal-title>Revista de Nutrição</journal-title>
                <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Rev Nutr</abbrev-journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
            <issn pub-type="ppub">1415-5273</issn>
            <issn pub-type="epub">1678-9865</issn>
            <publisher>
                <publisher-name>Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas</publisher-name>
            </publisher>
        </journal-meta>
        <article-meta>
            <article-id pub-id-type="other">00202</article-id>
            <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1678-9865202538e240109pt</article-id>
            <article-categories>
                <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
                    <subject>DOSSIÊ | 85 anos de atuação profissional do nutricionista no Brasil</subject>
                </subj-group>
            </article-categories>
            <title-group>
                <article-title>Atuação do nutricionista em fitoterapia, alimentos com alegações de propriedades funcionais e saúde e compostos bioativos</article-title>
            </title-group>
            <contrib-group>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-3566-2984</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Vieira</surname>
                        <given-names>Lilian Cardoso</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization">Conceptualization</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology">Methodology</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft">Writing – original draft</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
                </contrib>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0013-3965</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Souza</surname>
                        <given-names>Jaqueline Schroeder de</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology">Methodology</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft">Writing – original draft</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
                </contrib>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3781-6287</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Copetti</surname>
                        <given-names>Cândice Laís Knöner</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology">Methodology</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft">Writing – original draft</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02">2</xref>
                </contrib>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1517-4516</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Souza</surname>
                        <given-names>Marcio Leandro Ribeiro de</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology">Methodology</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft">Writing – original draft</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03">3</xref>
                </contrib>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9864-0158</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Baptistella</surname>
                        <given-names>Ana Beatriz de Paiva</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology">Methodology</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft">Writing – original draft</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing">Writing – review &amp; editing</role>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04">4</xref>
                </contrib>
                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1343-5049</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Di Pietro</surname>
                        <given-names>Patricia Faria</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization">Conceptualization</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/supervision">Supervision</role>
                    <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01">1</xref>
                    <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c01"/>
                </contrib>
            </contrib-group>
            <aff id="aff01">
                <label>1</label>
                <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</institution>
                <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro de Ciências da Saúde</institution>
                <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição</institution>
                <addr-line>
                    <city>Florianópolis</city>
                    <state>SC</state>
                </addr-line>
                <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
                <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.</institution>
            </aff>
            <aff id="aff02">
                <label>2</label>
                <institution content-type="orgname">Pesquisadora Autônoma</institution>
                <addr-line>
                    <city>Florianópolis</city>
                    <state>SC</state>
                </addr-line>
                <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
                <institution content-type="original">Pesquisadora Autônoma. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.</institution>
            </aff>
            <aff id="aff03">
                <label>3</label>
                <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Minas</institution>
                <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Campus FAMINAS-BH</institution>
                <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Curso de Nutrição</institution>
                <addr-line>
                    <city>Belo Horizonte</city>
                    <state>MG</state>
                </addr-line>
                <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
                <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Minas, Campus FAMINAS-BH, Curso de Nutrição. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.</institution>
            </aff>
            <aff id="aff04">
                <label>4</label>
                <institution content-type="orgname">Pesquisadora Autônoma</institution>
                <addr-line>
                    <city>São Paulo</city>
                    <state>SP</state>
                </addr-line>
                <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
                <institution content-type="original">Pesquisadora Autônoma. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.</institution>
            </aff>
            <author-notes>
                <corresp id="c01"> Correspondência para: PF DI PIETRO. E-mail: <email>patricia.di.pietro@ufsc.br</email>. </corresp>
                <fn fn-type="edited-by">
                    <label>Editor</label>
                    <p>Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos</p>
                </fn>
                <fn fn-type="conflict">
                    <label>Conflito de interesse</label>
                    <p>Os autores declaram não haver conflitos de interesse.</p>
                </fn>
            </author-notes>
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
                <day>0</day>
                <month>0</month>
                <year>2025</year>
            </pub-date>
            <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
                <year>2025</year>
            </pub-date>
            <volume>38</volume>
            <elocation-id>e240109</elocation-id>
            <history>
                <date date-type="received">
                    <day>11</day>
                    <month>07</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </date>
                <date date-type="rev-recd">
                    <day>13</day>
                    <month>12</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </date>
                <date date-type="accepted">
                    <day>28</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </date>
            </history>
            <permissions>
                <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="pt">
                    <license-p>Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (<italic>Open Access</italic>) sob a licença <italic>Creative Commons Attribution</italic>, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.</license-p>
                </license>
            </permissions>
            <abstract>
                <title>RESUMO</title>
                <sec>
                    <title>Objetivo</title>
                    <p>Foi analisado o papel do nutricionista nas áreas de fitoterapia, alimentos brasileiros com alegações de propriedades funcionais e saúde e compostos bioativos.</p>
                </sec>
                <sec>
                    <title>Método</title>
                    <p>Revisão narrativa baseada em artigos científicos recentes foi realizada, bem como em resoluções e leis que regulamentam essas práticas. O trabalho foi estruturado em quatro seções. A primeira abordou a atuação do nutricionista na fitoterapia, regulamentações para a prescrição e os cuidados necessários devido à toxicidade de algumas plantas. A segunda explorou conceitos sobre alimentos funcionais, destacando a importância de priorizar alimentos integrais e naturais para reduzir o consumo de ultraprocessados e o risco de doenças crônicas. A terceira enfatizou os alimentos regionais e brasileiros, incluindo as plantas alimentícias não convencionais, e seus compostos bioativos. Por fim, a quarta seção discutiu os efeitos de compostos bioativos na saúde, doenças e atividade física.</p>
                </sec>
                <sec>
                    <title>Resultados</title>
                    <p>Um conjunto de informações foi organizado, voltado à prática clínica do nutricionista nas áreas mencionadas. Foram abordadas as legislações pertinentes à atuação profissional em fitoterapia, conceitos teóricos, discussões sobre a utilização de compostos isolados em comparação à matriz alimentar, bem como um compilado de alguns bioativos de alimentos brasileiros e suas ações fisiológicas.</p>
                </sec>
                <sec>
                    <title>Conclusão</title>
                    <p>Diante dos dados apresentados, encontra-se uma vasta oportunidade para explorar dados brasileiros que fortaleçam o entendimento sobre a prática dos nutricionistas nessas áreas, além de incentivar o desenvolvimento de estudos que orientem prescrições seguras pelos profissionais. Com um dos biomas mais ricos do mundo, a diversidade ambiental brasileira pode ser aproveitada para melhorar as condições nutricionais da população.</p>
                </sec>
            </abstract>
            <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
                <title>Palavras-chave</title>
                <kwd>Alimentos, dieta e nutrição</kwd>
                <kwd>Alimento funcional</kwd>
                <kwd>Compostos fitoquímicos</kwd>
                <kwd>Fitoterapia</kwd>
                <kwd>Nutricionistas</kwd>
            </kwd-group>
        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <body>
        <sec sec-type="intro">
            <title>INTRODUÇÃO</title>
            <p>No Brasil, o nutricionista ocupa o papel como profissional da área da saúde e coletividade desde o final da década de 1930 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>]. Na mesma época, ocorreu a implementação dos primeiros quatro cursos de graduação em nutrição em universidades do país [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>]. Isso aconteceu a partir da necessidade de produção e difusão de estudos e trabalhos abordando a composição química e valor nutricional dos alimentos, caracterização de consumo e hábitos alimentares e estado nutricional dos brasileiros, que iniciou com os médicos alguns anos antes. A formação do nutricionista foi fortalecida em meados da década de 70 por conta da implementação de programas federais de Alimentação e Nutrição e a necessidade da criação de novos cursos. Nesse período, ocorreu uma ampliação e diversificação no mercado de trabalho iniciando a exploração de outros nichos [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>]. </p>
            <p>Com o aumento do número de profissionais ao longo dos anos, em 1978 foi criado o Conselho Federal de Nutrição (CFN) por meio da Lei no 6.583, de 20 de outubro de 1978 e regulamentado pelo Decreto nº 84.444, de 30 de janeiro de 1980. Essa entidade tem a missão de contribuir para a garantia do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada e Saudável, normatizando e disciplinando o exercício profissional do Nutricionista e do Técnico em Nutrição e Dietética, para uma prática pautada na ética e comprometida com a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, em benefício da sociedade [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>].</p>
            <p>Em 2002, em uma análise sobre a história da Nutrição no Brasil, Vasconcelos discorreu sobre algumas conquistas da área, como a sensível ampliação dos campos de atuação profissional alcançado por um processo de especialização ascendente, culminando em um avanço em habilidades técnico-científicas do nutricionista [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>]. Atualmente, a profissão encontra-se em crescimento exponencial, permitindo que diversas especificidades fossem exploradas. No segundo semestre de 2023, havia um total de 202.903 nutricionistas registrados nos 11 conselhos regionais do país, representando um aumento de aproximadamente 94% de registros em relação a 2014 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>]. As seis grandes áreas de atuação da Nutrição são classificadas em: Nutrição em Alimentação Coletiva, Nutrição Clínica, Nutrição em Esportes e Exercício Físico, Nutrição na Cadeia de Produção, na Indústria e no Comércio de Alimentos e Nutrição no Ensino, na Pesquisa e na Extensão [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>]. Um levantamento realizado pelo CFN em 2016 indicou que os nichos de trabalho do nutricionista se aplicam em: alimentação coletiva (30,8%), nutrição clínica (30,4%), saúde coletiva (17,7%), docência (11,4%), indústria (2,6%), nutrição esportiva (2,5%), marketing (1,3%) e outros (3,3%) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>].</p>
            <p>Em relação ao reconhecimento de especialidades pelo sistema CFN/CRN (Conselho Regional de Nutrição), a regulamentação para as áreas de Nutrição e Fitoterapia, e Nutrição e Alimentos Funcionais aconteceu em 2021 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>]. Sendo assim, a fitoterapia, os alimentos funcionais e os compostos bioativos têm ganhado cada vez mais destaque nas estratégias nutricionais, devido aos seus potenciais benefícios fisiológicos. A fitoterapia utiliza plantas medicinais para tratar e prevenir doenças, enquanto os alimentos com alegações de propriedades funcionais e saúde e os compostos bioativos oferecem, além de seu valor nutricional, efeitos positivos para a saúde [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>].</p>
            <p>Tais fatos e a alta adesão profissional a área da Nutrição Clínica mostram a popularização do trabalho nutricional e um interesse entre as pessoas em ter acesso a um serviço focado na sua alimentação para buscar mais saúde, tratamento de doenças, performance esportiva, entre outros motivos. Sendo assim, a expansão do mercado de trabalho contribuiu para mais estudos, a solidez da profissão e a explorar novos segmentos, abrindo caminho para a utilização de diversas estratégias nutricionais como, por exemplo, a fitoterapia e a prescrição de alimentos com propriedades funcionais e compostos bioativos [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>]. Entretanto, os levantamentos do número de profissionais trabalhando nessas especialidades ainda são escassos devido ao curto período de tempo de regularização do exercício dessas funções no Brasil.</p>
            <p>Por meio da exploração de resoluções e leis e uma busca bibliográfica de trabalhos publicados, este artigo caracterizado como uma revisão narrativa tem como objetivo analisar a atuação do nutricionista na prescrição de fitoterápicos e na área de Nutrição e Alimentos Funcionais, e sintetizar os alimentos brasileiros com alegações de propriedades funcionais e saúde, seus respectivos compostos bioativos e as suas ações fisiológicas que podem se encaixar em condutas nutricionais.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec sec-type="methods">
            <title>MÉTODOS</title>
            <p>Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, a qual foi composta por quatro seções: 1) atuação do nutricionista na área de fitoterapia; 2) atuação do nutricionista com alimentos com alegações de propriedades funcionais e saúde e compostos bioativos; 3) alimentos brasileiros e regionais e seus compostos bioativos para a prescrição do nutricionista; 4) efeitos dos compostos bioativos na saúde, doença e atividade física.</p>
            <p>Para as seções 1, 2 e 3 foram realizadas buscas bibliográficas relacionadas à temática em websites e legislações pertinentes da Organização Mundial da Saúde (https://www.who.int/), Ministério da Saúde (https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br e https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/), e Conselho Federal de Nutrição (https://www.cfn.org.br/). Para tal, foram utilizados termos de busca como “fitoterapia”, “fitoterápicos”, “propriedade funcional”, “substâncias bioativas” e “compostos bioativos”, além dos sinônimos e palavras-chave relacionados. Foram excluídas as informações duplicadas e considerados para o trabalho os principais conceitos e marcos históricos relacionados às temáticas em questão, sendo devidamente contextualizados e referenciados ao longo das seções.</p>
            <p>Dentro desta seção, algumas Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANCs) foram descritas através de buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Scopus com os seguintes termos encontrados em leituras preliminares: taioba OR “Xanthosoma sagittifolium”; beldroega OR “Portulaca oleracea”; bertalha OR “Basella alba”; baru OR “Dipteryx alata”. Os estudos priorizados foram os de intervenção e revisões sistemáticas e narrativas mais atuais, com período dos cinco anos anteriores. Foram descritos os compostos bioativos e os indícios de benefícios à saúde.</p>
            <p>Para a seção 4, a pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, e Scopus. A busca foi realizada com restrição de período de cinco anos, e abrangeu publicações até o momento da coleta de dados. Para identificar os estudos relevantes, foram identificados os compostos bioativos de alimentos brasileiros por meio dos seguintes termos de busca: “abacaxi OR “Ananas comosus”; açaí OR “Euterpe oleracea”; atemoia ”Annona Atemoya”; avocado “Persea americana”; cacau “Theobroma cacao”; camu-camu “Myrciaria dubia McVaugh”; goiaba “Psidium guajava”; guaraná “Paullinia cupana”; juçara “Euterpe edulis”; mangaba “Hancornia speciosa”; pequi “Caryocar brasiliense”, bem como sinônimos e palavras-chave sobre a temática. Na sequência, com base na listagem de compostos bioativos identificados, cada substância bioativa foi utilizada como termo de busca para a investigação sobre as propriedades funcionais. As estratégias de busca foram ajustadas conforme a especificidade de cada base de dados. Para inclusão no estudo, deu-se preferência para revisões sistemáticas (com ou sem meta-análise) sobre os efeitos dos compostos bioativos na saúde, doença e atividade física, sendo utilizados os filtros destes delineamentos de estudos nas bases de dados mencionadas.</p>
            <p>A partir da devida identificação dos compostos bioativos e mecanismos de ação, foram estruturadas tabelas no Microsoft Office Word® (v. 2019) contendo as informações mais relevantes para o estudo, sendo: nome popular e científico do alimento, regiões do Brasil onde são mais frequentemente encontrados, compostos bioativos presentes nos respectivos alimentos e efeitos na saúde. Os efeitos na saúde citados foram extraídos das seções de resultados e conclusões dos artigos científicos identificados.</p>
            <sec>
                <title>Atuação do nutricionista na área de fitoterapia</title>
                <p>A fitoterapia é considerada uma terapêutica caracterizada pelo uso de plantas medicinais em suas diferentes formas farmacêuticas, sem o uso de substâncias isoladas. O uso mais tradicional geralmente preserva a composição original e integridade da planta de origem, podendo ser usada inteira ou partes minimamente processadas, como folhas, flores, rizomas, dentre outras [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>]. Também é comum a utilização de plantas medicinais como medicamentos fitoterápicos, produtos tradicionais fitoterápicos e preparações magistrais de fitoterápicos, nos quais incluem-se extratos, tinturas, óleos, dentre outros. No Brasil, para que um medicamento seja considerado fitoterápico, este não deve ter em sua composição apenas a presença de substâncias ativas isoladas, mesmo que de origem vegetal. As substâncias bioativas isoladas de plantas comestíveis são classificadas como suplemento alimentar e aquelas originadas de plantas não comestíveis são consideradas como fitofármacos e ambas possuem uma legislação diferente [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>].</p>
                <p>Embora as legislações que regulamentam a prática da fitoterapia no Brasil tenham surgido nas duas últimas décadas, o uso de plantas medicinais com finalidade terapêutica é muito antigo. É possível encontrar relatos de uso de plantas terapêuticas por civilizações antigas há milhares de anos, como na Medicina Tradicional Chinesa ou na Ayurveda. Esse uso sempre esteve muito presente nas populações de diferentes regiões do planeta, muitas vezes cercado de conhecimentos de sabedoria popular. Porém, atualmente, é crescente o número de publicações científicas na área da fitoterapia e o interesse da indústria também acompanha esse crescimento, com projeções de que esse mercado movimente bilhões de dólares globalmente no ano de 2024 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>].</p>
                <p>A utilização de plantas medicinais no Brasil se torna pertinente devido à grande diversidade vegetal e ao baixo custo dessa terapêutica. Esse interesse cresceu a partir de 2006, quando o Ministério da Saúde publicou a Portaria nº 971, incluindo o uso de plantas medicinais e da fitoterapia como prática da assistência à saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), através da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares à Saúde. Ainda em 2006, o governo brasileiro aprovou a Política e o Programa Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos, com o objetivo de garantir à população brasileira o acesso seguro e o uso racional de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos, seguindo o que foi recomendado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>].</p>
                <p>Para os nutricionistas, a primeira regulamentação veio em 2007, com a Resolução do Conselho Federal de Nutrição (CFN) nº 402, que regulamentou a prescrição fitoterápica pelo nutricionista, assegurando o direito de poder incluir os fitoterápicos em suas prescrições dietéticas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>]. Essa legislação sofreu atualizações em 2013, 2015 e 2021 e, desde essas mudanças na resolução iniciadas em 2013, a prescrição de fitoterápicos e preparações magistrais fitoterápicas passou a ser permitida apenas por nutricionistas considerados habilitados para essa indicação [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>].</p>
                <p>Atualmente, a Resolução do CFN nº 680 de 2021 informa que a prescrição de plantas medicinais <italic>in natura</italic> e drogas vegetais, na forma de infusão, decocção e maceração em água, é permitida a todos os nutricionistas, ainda que sem habilitação em fitoterapia. Porém, a prescrição de qualquer outra substância, ou seja, de drogas vegetais ou derivados vegetais em formas farmacêuticas, de medicamentos fitoterápicos, de produtos tradicionais fitoterápicos e de preparações magistrais de fitoterápicos, é permitida somente aos nutricionistas habilitados em fitoterapia, com registro no seu respectivo conselho regional. Para essa habilitação, o nutricionista precisa ter um certificado de pós-graduação <italic>lato sensu</italic> em fitoterapia, em instituição credenciada pelo Ministério da Educação e com no mínimo 200 horas de disciplinas de fitoterapia na grade curricular, ou então um título de especialista em fitoterapia, como, por exemplo, o título emitido por prova pela Associação Brasileira de Nutrição. Uma vez que o profissional nutricionista possua esse certificado, ele precisa registrá-lo junto ao CFN e a autorização é emitida, tornando-o habilitado para a prescrição de fitoterápicos [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>].</p>
                <p>Dados recentes mostram que existem em torno de 1550 nutricionistas no Brasil que estão habilitados em fitoterapia, dados obtidos em consulta realizada no mês de abril de 2024 junto ao CFN. A Associação Brasileira de Nutrição, responsável por fornecer o título de especialista em Fitoterapia, informa que um pouco mais de 100 nutricionistas receberam o título até abril de 2024. Esse baixo número de nutricionistas habilitados chama a atenção, uma vez que a fitoterapia é uma área de especialidade dentro da nutrição e também é estudada e utilizada em outras áreas, com aplicações em nutrição clínica, esportiva, gerontologia, gastroenterologia, estética, dentre outras. O número de habilitados é pequeno diante do número grande de instituições acadêmicas que oferecem pós-graduação lato sensu em fitoterapia e um dos motivos pode ser o desconhecimento da legislação, especialmente no que diz respeito ao registro do certificado no CFN [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>].</p>
                <p>A lista de plantas disponíveis para prescrição pelos nutricionistas é muito extensa e envolve plantas brasileiras e de outros países, desde que autorizadas para comercialização no Brasil [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>]. Para produtos industrializados, a indústria farmacêutica pode usar apenas plantas registradas ou notificadas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), porém os prescritores ainda têm a possibilidade de indicar fitoterápicos em farmácias de manipulação, que possuem uma quantidade de ativos ainda maior do que é usada pela indústria. O Ministério da Saúde no Brasil apresenta uma relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS, que contém atualmente 71 espécies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>]. Nessa lista encontram-se plantas comumente prescritas pelos nutricionistas, como, por exemplo, a <italic>Curcuma longa</italic>, conhecida por suas propriedades anti-inflamatórias e estudada em diferentes áreas que vão desde tratamento de síndrome metabólica até recuperação muscular no exercício [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>]. Outras plantas bastante prescritas pelos nutricionistas são: <italic>Camellia sinensis, Zingiber officinale, Matricaria recutita, Melissa officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, Peumus boldus, Casearia sylvestri, Allium sativum, Paullinia cupana, Ilex paraguariensis</italic>, dentre outras. Ressalta-se que é importante que essa prescrição seja embasada por estudos científicos na área. Alguns fitoterápicos são pouco estudados, o que requer cuidado na prescrição, e, embora algumas plantas sejam comumente estudadas, os estudos podem ser insuficientes, o que limita a prescrição [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>].</p>
                <p>Destaca-se que o uso clínico dos fitoterápicos pelos nutricionistas necessita de atenção. Na população em geral, existe culturalmente a ideia de que o uso de plantas medicinais não oferece riscos à saúde. Porém, o uso de fitoterápicos precisa ser embasado cientificamente e prescrito de forma individualizada [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>]. A utilização indiscriminada da fitoterapia pode comprometer o funcionamento de órgãos importantes, como fígado, rins, coração, dentre outros [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>]. Os estudos de toxicidade demonstram que algumas plantas medicinais, quando usadas em doses erradas ou por longos períodos, podem estar associadas a efeitos colaterais e sobrecarga de órgãos. Para o profissional nutricionista que deseja prescrever fitoterápicos em sua prática clínica, é necessário o entendimento de que uma planta medicinal deve ser indicada de forma ética e responsável, definindo o momento de início e término do uso, doses individualizadas e com atenção a possíveis interações entre a planta e nutrientes, alimentos ou medicamentos usados pelos pacientes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>]. É importante salientar que, pelo fato de algumas plantas possuírem poucos estudos científicos, especialmente pesquisas de interação com outras substâncias ou plantas, o cuidado com a individualização dessa prescrição deve ser reforçado, o que inclui o uso em algumas populações específicas, como por exemplo gestantes, lactantes e crianças [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>]. A legislação vigente em fitoterapia e o Código de Ética da profissão reforçam que o nutricionista é responsável por aquilo que ele prescreve e, portanto, a indicação de um fitoterápico na sua prática clínica precisa ser ética, embasada cientificamente e realizada quando houver benefícios ao paciente, sem oferecer riscos.</p>
            </sec>
            <sec>
                <title>Atuação do nutricionista com alimentos com alegações de propriedades funcionais e saúde e compostos bioativos</title>
                <p>O padrão alimentar ocidental atual está associado ao aumento da incidência de diversas doenças, incluindo obesidade, diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares e câncer. Nesse cenário, adotar uma alimentação reduzida em alimentos processados e com a maior oferta de alimentos naturais pode ocasionar efeitos positivos à saúde e reduzir o risco de doenças crônicas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>].</p>
                <p>Com a busca de uma alimentação mais natural e um consumo menor de produtos ultrapro-cessados, os alimentos com propriedades funcionais se destacam por conterem características antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias que podem melhorar distúrbios metabólicos [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>]. Esses alimentos são caracterizados por fornecerem efeitos fisiológicos benéficos à saúde quando consumidos regularmente como parte da dieta habitual [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>]. Podem ser naturais ou industriais, quando elaborados de modo a prover benefícios específicos além das necessidades nutricionais básicas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>].</p>
                <p>No Brasil, a legislação não conceitua o termo alimento funcional. De acordo com a portaria nº 398 de 30 de abril de 1999, a ANVISA define alegação de propriedade funcional e alegação de propriedade de saúde para esse tipo de alimentos [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>]. Esses domínios necessitam ser plenamente reconhecidos por evidências científicas para cada alimento ou produto que comprovem suas ações [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>]. Os produtos industrializados devem ser formulados a partir da combinação de produtos comestíveis ou alimentos naturais ricos em nutrientes como fibras alimentares, fitoquímicos, antioxidantes, probióticos, compostos bioativos, entre outros, que exercem um efeito benéfico no organismo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>]. Além disso, é necessário que sejam registrados pela ANVISA, seguros para consumo humano e possuam características tecnológicas que permitam sua inclusão na dieta habitual de forma eficaz [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>].</p>
                <p>De acordo com o CFN, a especialidade “Nutrição e Alimentos Funcionais” é reconhecida no Brasil, permitindo ao profissional aprofundar seus conhecimentos sobre as características dos alimentos com propriedades funcionais e aplicar na prática clínica [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>]. Diante disso, o nutricionista tem em mãos importantes ferramentas de prescrição nutricional tanto no planejamento dietoterápico, como em programas de educação nutricional para contribuir com a saúde da população.</p>
                <p>Em relação aos compostos bioativos, a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC nº 243/18) da ANVISA define substância bioativa como nutriente ou não nutriente normalmente consumido como componente de um alimento, que exerce ação metabólica ou fisiológica específica no organismo humano [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>]. As substâncias bioativas podem incluir: macronutrientes (carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas), micronutrientes (vitaminas e minerais), fitonutrientes (terpenos, alcaloides, fenólicos e compostos organossulfurados) e reguladores do microbioma intestinal (probióticos, prebióticos, simbióticos e pós-bióticos) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>], que possuem propriedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, anticancerígenas, antibacterianas, antivirais e neuroprotetoras [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref>]. Uma dieta bem balanceada contendo uma variedade de grãos, vegetais, legumes e frutas fornece micronutrientes suficientes para a saúde [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>].</p>
                <p>O nutricionista, por sua vez, tem a permissão de prescrever compostos bioativos aprovados pela ANVISA, de acordo com a Resolução RDC nº 2, de 7 de janeiro de 2002 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref>]. Entretanto, um fator importante a ser avaliado nas estratégias nutricionais é sobre a escolha entre a prescrição dos compostos ativos isolados e o alimento íntegro para consumo, considerando a matriz alimentar como estratégia nutricional. A matriz alimentar se refere não somente aos componentes químicos e físicos dos alimentos, mas também às suas relações moleculares que afetam como o alimento é digerido e metabolizado [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref>]. Dessa forma, considerá-la como opção de escolha nas atuações nutricionais garante que o alimento terá funcionalidades e mecanismos de ação que são diferentes daquelas exibidas pelos componentes isolados. A bioconversão, a bioatividade e a bioeficácia estão relacionadas com as transformações bioquímicas dos componentes alimentares liberados em conjunto da matriz alimentar e com as respostas fisiológicas e de saúde específicas no corpo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref>].</p>
                <p>Assim, o consumo dos alimentos na sua forma íntegra deve ser estimulado, visto que são ricos em nutrientes e compostos bioativos com reconhecidos efeitos à saúde, contribuindo para uma alimentação mais diversa e natural, reduzindo o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas a longo prazo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref>].</p>
            </sec>
            <sec>
                <title>Alimentos brasileiros e regionais e seus compostos bioativos para a prescrição do nutricionista</title>
                <p>A biodiversidade do Brasil abriga 20% do total mundial e tem um dos biomas mais ricos do mundo, incluindo a Mata Atlântica, grande parte da Floresta Amazônica, o Cerrado, a Caatinga, o Pantanal e o Pampa [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref>]. Em 2022, dados da <italic>Food and Agriculture Organization</italic> mostraram que o Brasil estava entre os 10 maiores produtores de frutas tropicais (5º lugar) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">47</xref>] e nos últimos anos tem crescido o número de pesquisas sobre o potencial das espécies frutíferas nativas brasileiras. Algumas espécies frutíferas nativas brasileiras, sua composição bioativa e seus benefícios à saúde estão listados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
                <table-wrap id="t01">
                    <label>Tabela 1</label>
                    <caption>
                        <title>Compostos bioativos e benefícios à saúde de algumas frutas brasileiras e regionais. Florianópolis (SC), Brasil, 2025.</title>
                    </caption>
                    <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
                        <thead>
                            <tr align="center">
                                <th align="left">Nome popular e científico</th>
                                <th>Regiões do Brasil</th>
                                <th>Compostos Bioativos</th>
                                <th>Efeitos na saúde</th>
                            </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Abacaxi (<italic>Ananas comosus</italic>)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">50</xref></td>
                                <td>Todas as regiões</td>
                                <td>Ácido cítrico, ácido málico, ácido ferúlico. vitamina C e flavonóides</td>
                                <td>↓ Incidência de sinusite, ↓ dor, ↓ secreção de marcadores inflamatórios</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Açaí (<italic>Euterpe oleracea</italic>)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">51</xref></td>
                                <td>Região amazônica</td>
                                <td>Polifenóis como antocianinas e outros compostos fenólicos</td>
                                <td>↑ capacidade antioxidante sérica, enzimas antioxidantes, ↓ peroxidação lipídica, colesterol total e LDL-c</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Atemoia (<italic>Annona Atemoya</italic>)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">52</xref></td>
                                <td>Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul</td>
                                <td>Flavonóides, alcalóides, terpenóides, compostos fenólicos</td>
                                <td>Efeito antiangiogênico, hipolipidêmico, antioxidante, atividades anti-inflamatórias e neuroprotetoras</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Avocado (<italic>Persea americana</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">53</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54">54</xref></td>
                                <td>Todas as regiões</td>
                                <td>Vitamina E e fitoquímicos</td>
                                <td>↓ Tecido adiposo visceral, ↓ colesterol total e LDL-c, ↑ HDL-c</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Cacau (<italic>Theobroma cacao</italic>)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55">55</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">56</xref></td>
                                <td>Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste</td>
                                <td>Flavonóides como (-)-Epicaquina, (+)-catequina, procianidina b1, procianidina b2</td>
                                <td>Melhora na função cognitiva e ateroplaquetária</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <th align="left">Camu-camu (<italic>Myrciaria dubia McVaugh</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B57">57</xref></th>
                                <td>Norte e Sudeste</td>
                                <td>Vitamina C, carotenóides e polifenóis, entre eles ácido elágico e antocianinas</td>
                                <td>↓ pressão arterial, triglicerídeos e circunferência abdominal.</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Goiaba (<italic>Psidium guajava</italic>)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B58">58</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">61</xref></td>
                                <td>Todas as regiões</td>
                                <td>Polifenóis como flavonóides e taninos; alcalóides, triterpenóides e carotenóides</td>
                                <td>Efeito antidiarreico; tratamento de gengivite e úlceras orais</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Guaraná (<italic>Paullinia cupana</italic>)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">62</xref></td>
                                <td>Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste</td>
                                <td>Polifenóis como flavonóides (catequinas e epicatequinas) e pró-antocianidinas</td>
                                <td>↑ Desempenho em testes cognitivos</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Juçara (<italic>Euterpe edulis</italic>)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">51</xref></td>
                                <td>Bahia ao Rio Grande do Sul</td>
                                <td>Protocatecuico, p-cumárico, vanílico, gálico, cafeico, ferúlico, seríngico, sinápico, elágico, clorogênico, apigenina, kaempferol, aromadendrina, catequina, epicatequina, quercetina, taxifolina, miricetina, isoquercetina, rutina, resveratrol, rutinosídeo, cianidina-3-glicosídeo</td>
                                <td>↑ HDL-c e CAT</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Mangaba (<italic>Hancornia speciosa</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">63</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B65">65</xref></td>
                                <td>Norte, Nordeste,<break/> Centro-Oeste e parte do Sudeste do Brasil</td>
                                <td>Rutina, ácido clorogênico, ácidos fenólicos, vitamina C.</td>
                                <td>Efeito anti-inflamatório, antioxidante, hipoglicemiante, antimicrobiano e ↓ peroxidação lipídica</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Pequi (<italic>Caryocar brasiliense</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B66">66</xref></td>
                                <td>Norte, Nordeste,<break/> Centro-Oeste e Sudeste</td>
                                <td>Carotenóides e compostos fenólicos</td>
                                <td>↓ peroxidação lipídica hepática, ↓ TNF-α, IL-1b, IL-6, ↑ atividade CAT, ↓ peroxidação lipídica, ↓ migração de leucócitos, ↑ efeito antinociceptivo do frio</td>
                            </tr>
                        </tbody>
                    </table>
                    <table-wrap-foot>
                        <fn>
                            <p>Nota: Akt: Protein Kinase B; CAT: Enzima Catalase; HDL-c: Colesterol Lipoproteico de Alta Densidade; IL-1b: Interleucina-1beta; IL-6: Interleucina-6; LDL-c: Colesterol Lipoproteico de Baixa Densidade; Pl3K: Fosfatidilinositol 3-quinase.</p>
                        </fn>
                    </table-wrap-foot>
                </table-wrap>
                <p>Outros vegetais ricos em compostos bioativos, fontes de comida sustentável e encontrados com variedade no Brasil são as Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANCs) que não fazem parte do conjunto de plantas comumente consumidos, que por muitas vezes não estão inseridas na cultura do indivíduo por desconhecimento ou não. Incluem frutas, folhas, raízes, sementes, caules e/ou flores de espécies que crescem espontaneamente na natureza e são fontes alimentares acessíveis, sustentáveis, de alto valor nutricional, e compostos bioativos [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B67">67</xref>].</p>
                <p>A utilização de PANCs na alimentação pode incentivar a diversificação cultural, especialmente na agricultura familiar, pois fazem parte da tradição de muitas comunidades. O seu cultivo e consumo valoriza e preserva as tradições alimentares, diversifica a oferta alimentar, reduz a dependência de culturas convencionais, fortalece a segurança alimentar e nutricional e garante o direito humano à alimentação adequada e saudável. Por conta desses fatores, as PANCs são estimuladas a fazerem parte de soluções inovadoras para alternativas ricas em nutrientes, agricultura sustentável e tecnologias industriais avançadas, explorando as suas propriedades benéficas para o desenvolvimento de produtos alimentares mais seguros. Este tema enquadra-se na Agenda de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 2030, impulsionado por fatores sociais, econômicos e ambientais, para eliminar a fome mundial e pobreza [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B67">67</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B68">68</xref>].</p>
                <p>Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t02">Tabela 2</xref> são mostradas algumas PANCs brasileiras e seus compostos bioativos, seus indícios de benefícios à saúde, estruturada de acordo com os achados em estudos de intervenção e revisões mais atuais.</p>
                <table-wrap id="t02">
                    <label>Tabela 2</label>
                    <caption>
                        <title>Características de quatro Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANCs) brasileiras e efeitos na saúde. Florianópolis (SC), Brasil, 2025.</title>
                    </caption>
                    <table frame="hsides" rules="rows">
                        <thead>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <th align="left">Nome popular e científico</th>
                                <th>Regiões do Brasil</th>
                                <th>Compostos Bioativos</th>
                                <th>Tipo de estudos e efeitos na saúde humana</th>
                            </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Taioba (<italic>Xanthosoma sagittifolium</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B69">69</xref></td>
                                <td>Sudeste</td>
                                <td>Ácido siríngico, ácido caféico e quercetina</td>
                                <td>Experimental e <italic>in vitro</italic>. Nenhum efeito comprovado</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Beldroega (<italic>Portulaca oleracea</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">70</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B71">71</xref></td>
                                <td>Sudeste</td>
                                <td>Flavonóides, alcalóides, terpenóides, carotenóides</td>
                                <td>Experimental, <italic>in vitr</italic>o e ensaios clínicos. Houve diminuição na glicemia de jejum</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Bertalha (<italic>Basella alba</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B72">72</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B73">73</xref></td>
                                <td>Norte</td>
                                <td>Compostos fenólicos e flavonóides</td>
                                <td>Experimental e <italic>in vitro</italic>. Nenhum efeito comprovado</td>
                            </tr>
                            <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                <td align="left">Baru (<italic>Dipteryx alata</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B74">74</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B75">75</xref></td>
                                <td>Centro-Oeste</td>
                                <td>Ácidos fenólicos e flavonóides e vitamina C</td>
                                <td>Experimental, <italic>in vitro</italic> e ensaios clínicos. O consumo reduziu concentrações séricas de TC, não-HDL-c, LDL-c, pressão arterial e curva glicêmica</td>
                            </tr>
                        </tbody>
                    </table>
                    <table-wrap-foot>
                        <fn>
                            <p>Nota: LDL-c: Colesterol Lipoproteico de Baixa Densidade; não-HDL-c: Não-Colesterol Lipoproteico de Alta Densidade; TC: Triglicerídeos.</p>
                        </fn>
                    </table-wrap-foot>
                </table-wrap>
                <p>Efeitos dos compostos bioativos na saúde, doença e atividade física</p>
                <p>Conforme demonstrado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t01">Tabela 1</xref>, os compostos bioativos das frutas brasileiras apresentam diversos efeitos benéficos à saúde humana. Dentre esses efeitos destacam-se as atividades antiglicêmica, anticarcinogênica e quimiopreventiva, atividade antioxidante e redução do estresse oxidativo. Alguns compostos bioativos específicos, como a Persea americana, demonstram melhora nos parâmetros do perfil lipídico, o que pode potencialmente contribuir para a redução da incidência de doenças cardiovasculares [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">53</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54">54</xref>; outros compostos, por sua vez, atuam mais diretamente na supressão de sintomas, como dor (Ananas comosus), diarreia, gengivite e úlceras orais (<italic>Psidium guajava</italic>), o que pode ser útil na prática clínica [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">49</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">50</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B58">58</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">61</xref>]. Atividades antimicrobiana e anti-inflamatória são identificadas no uso de algumas substâncias (como <italic>Annona Atemoya, Euterpe edulis</italic> e <italic>Hancornia speciosa</italic>, por exemplo), que podem ter relevância clínica na dietoterapia para diversas patologias [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">51</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">52</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">63</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B65">65</xref>].</p>
                <p>Em relação aos compostos bioativos sem efeitos comprovados, o que se encontra na literatura são alguns estudos iniciais que revelam resultados interessantes. A <italic>Copaifera langsdorffii</italic>, por exemplo, parece ter um efeito dentário benéfico no contexto da pulpotomia de dentes decíduos em crianças [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B76">76</xref>]. Em um estudo randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo envolvendo pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, a administração de uma mistura de ervas contendo <italic>Guazuma ulmifolia</italic>, além de <italic>Tecoma stans</italic>, mostrou redução na circunferência da cintura, glicemia de jejum e HbA1c no grupo intervenção, o que parece ser benéfico para melhorar o controle glicêmico [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B77">77</xref>]. Efeitos metabólicos desejáveis também parecem ser obtidos por meio do consumo do suco de jabuticaba (<italic>Myrciaria jaboticaba</italic>) devido ao seu alto teor de polifenóis, como a diminuição de espécies reativas de oxigênio após a execução de exercício excêntrico, causando uma proteção das funções macro e microvasculares sob condições de desequilíbrio na homeostase redox [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B78">78</xref>].</p>
                <p>No entanto, ainda são poucos os estudos que compilam os principais efeitos dos compostos bioativos das frutas brasileiras e regionais, principalmente no contexto da atividade física, o que reflete a necessidade de avanço nas investigações clínicas desses compostos. Ao ampliar a compreensão do impacto fisiológico dos compostos bioativos, novas possibilidades podem ser delineadas para melhorar a saúde e o desempenho humano, contribuindo assim para o avanço do conhecimento científico e das iniciativas de saúde pública.</p>
            </sec>
        </sec>
        <sec sec-type="conclusions">
            <title>CONCLUSÃO</title>
            <p>De acordo com os achados deste estudo, a integração das áreas de fitoterapia, de alimentos com alegações de propriedades funcionais e saúde e de compostos bioativos à prática nutricional representa um avanço na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças. Contudo, por se tratar de uma revisão narrativa, o mesmo apresenta como limitação a subjetividade inerente a esse método, decorrente da ausência de critérios sistemáticos rigorosos. Essa característica pode introduzir vieses tanto na seleção quanto na interpretação dos trabalhos analisados, uma vez que tais processos dependem diretamente dos autores, o que pode comprometer a reprodutibilidade dos resultados.</p>
            <p>Cabe destacar também, que o fortalecimento das evidências científicas sobre as temáticas solidificará a área de atuação do nutricionista, o que favorecerá o reconhecimento profissional, trazendo maiores investigações sobre quem são e como atuam os especialistas. É essencial um mapeamento robusto de dados nacionais que revele o cenário de atuação dos nutricionistas nessas áreas estratégicas, ampliando ainda mais o alcance e a eficácia das práticas.</p>
            <p>A expansão dos estudos sobre as propriedades terapêuticas dos alimentos tem enriquecido profundamente o entendimento científico e ampliado as estratégias nutricionais disponíveis. Esse avanço reflete-se na prática clínica, onde a prescrição de dietas personalizadas — com foco na matriz alimentar como fonte de compostos bioativos e de propriedades funcionais e suplementos alimentares quando necessário — tem demonstrado resultados expressivos. Além disso, contribui significativamente para a educação e pesquisa, estabelecendo uma base sólida para inovações e descobertas futuras. Investimentos contínuos em pesquisa e capacitação são essenciais para garantir a segurança nas prescrições dos nutricionistas e explorar plenamente os imensos benefícios dos recursos naturais brasileiros.</p>
        </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
        <fn-group>
            <fn fn-type="other">
                <p>
                    <bold>Como citar esse artigo:</bold> Vieira LC, Souza JS, Copetti CLK, Souza MLR, Baptistella ABP, Di Pietro PF. Atuação do nutricionista em fitoterapia, alimentos com alegações de propriedades funcionais e saúde e compostos bioativos. Rev Nutr. 2025;38:e240109. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202538e240109pt">https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202538e240109pt</ext-link>
                </p>
            </fn>
        </fn-group>
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                        <surname>Vieira</surname>
                        <given-names>Lilian Cardoso</given-names>
                    </name>
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                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0013-3965</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Souza</surname>
                        <given-names>Jaqueline Schroeder de</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology">Methodology</role>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft">Writing – original draft</role>
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                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3781-6287</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Copetti</surname>
                        <given-names>Cândice Laís Knöner</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology">Methodology</role>
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                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1517-4516</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Souza</surname>
                        <given-names>Marcio Leandro Ribeiro de</given-names>
                    </name>
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                <contrib contrib-type="author">
                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9864-0158</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Baptistella</surname>
                        <given-names>Ana Beatriz de Paiva</given-names>
                    </name>
                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology">Methodology</role>
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                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1343-5049</contrib-id>
                    <name>
                        <surname>Di Pietro</surname>
                        <given-names>Patricia Faria</given-names>
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                    <role content-type="http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/supervision">Supervision</role>
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                    <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c02"/>
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            <aff id="aff05">
                <label>1</label>
                <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.</institution>
            </aff>
            <aff id="aff06">
                <label>2</label>
                <institution content-type="original">Autonomous Researcher. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.</institution>
            </aff>
            <aff id="aff07">
                <label>3</label>
                <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Minas, Campus FAMINAS-BH, Curso de Nutrição. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.</institution>
            </aff>
            <aff id="aff08">
                <label>4</label>
                <institution content-type="original">Autonomous Researcher. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.</institution>
            </aff>
            <author-notes>
                <corresp id="c02"> Correspondence to: PF DI PIETRO. E-mail: <email>patricia.di.pietro@ufsc.br</email>. </corresp>
                <fn fn-type="edited-by">
                    <label>Editor</label>
                    <p>Francisco de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos</p>
                </fn>
                <fn fn-type="conflict">
                    <label>Conflict of interest</label>
                    <p>The authors declare that there is no conflicts of interest.</p>
                </fn>
            </author-notes>
            <abstract>
                <title>Abstract</title>
                <sec>
                    <title>Objective</title>
                    <p>This study aims to analyze the role of nutritionists in the fields of phytotherapy, Brazilian foods with claims of functional and health properties, and bioactive compounds.</p>
                </sec>
                <sec>
                    <title>Method</title>
                    <p>A narrative review was conducted based on recent scientific articles as well as resolutions and laws that regulate these practices. The study was structured into four sections. The first addressed the role of nutritionists in phytotherapy, prescription regulations, and the necessary precautions due to the toxicity of certain plants. The second explored concepts related to functional foods, highlighting the importance of prioritizing whole and natural foods to reduce the consumption of processed items and the risk of chronic diseases. The third emphasized regional and Brazilian foods, including non-conventional food plants and their bioactive compounds. Finally, the fourth section discussed the effects of bioactive compounds on health, diseases, and physical activity.</p>
                </sec>
                <sec>
                    <title>Results</title>
                    <p>A set of information was organized for nutritionists’ clinical practice in the mentioned areas. A relevant legislation regarding professional activities in phytotherapy, theoretical concepts, discussions on the use of isolated compounds versus the food matrix, and a compilation of key bioactive compounds from Brazilian foods and their physiological actions, were addressed.</p>
                </sec>
                <sec>
                    <title>Conclusion</title>
                    <p>There is a significant potential to explore Brazilian data that strengthens the understanding of nutritionists’ practices in these fields, in addition to encouraging the development of studies that guide safe prescriptions by professionals. With one of the richest biomes in the world, Brazil’s environmental diversity can be leveraged to further improve the population’s nutritional conditions.</p>
                </sec>
            </abstract>
            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                <title>Keywords</title>
                <kwd>Diet, food, and nutrition</kwd>
                <kwd>Functional food</kwd>
                <kwd>Nutritionists</kwd>
                <kwd>Phytochemicals</kwd>
                <kwd>Phytotherapy</kwd>
            </kwd-group>
        </front-stub>
        <body>
            <sec sec-type="intro">
                <title>INTRODUCTION</title>
                <p>In Brazil, nutritionists have been working as professionals in the health and community sectors since the late 1930s [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>]. At the same time, the first four undergraduate nutrition programs at universities in the country were improved considerably [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref>]. This was because of the need to produce and disseminate essential studies and works addressing the chemical composition and nutritional value of foods, characterization of consumption and eating habits, and nutritional status of Brazilians, which had been initiated by doctors a few years earlier. The education and training of nutritionists was strengthened in the mid-1970s due to the implementation of federal food and nutrition programs and the urgent need to create new academic programs. During this period, the job market expanded and diversified, beginning to explore several other niches [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref>].</p>
                <p>With the increase in the number of professionals over the years, in 1978 the <italic>Conselho Federal de Nutrição</italic> (CFN, Federal Council of Nutritionists) was created by Law No. 6,583, of October 20, 1978, and regulated by Decree No. 84,444, of January 30, 1980. This entity has the mission of contributing to the continuous guarantee of the Human Right to Adequate and Healthy Food, standardizing and disciplining the professional practice of the Nutritionist and the Nutrition and Dietetics Technician, for a practice guided by ethics and committed to Food and Nutritional Security, for the benefit of society [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref>].</p>
                <p>In 2002, in an analysis of the history of nutrition in Brazil, Vasconcelos discussed some achievements in the field, such as the significant expansion of the fields of professional activity achieved by a process of ascending specialization, culminating in an advance in the technical-scientific skills of nutritionists nationwide [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref>]. Currently, the profession is experiencing exponential growth, allowing several specificities to be explored. In the second half of 2023, there were a total of 202,903 nutritionists registered in the 11 regional councils of the country, representing an increase of approximately 94% in registrations compared to 2014 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref>]. The six major areas of activity of nutrition are classified as Nutrition in Collective Food, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition for Sport and Physical Activity, Nutrition in the Food Production Chain, in the Food Industry and Food Trade, and Nutrition in Teaching, Research, and University Extension programs/projects as detailed [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref>]. A survey conducted by the CFN in 2016 indicated that the nutritionist’s work niches apply to: collective feeding (30.8%), clinical nutrition (30.4%), collective health (17.7%), teaching (11.4%), industry (2.6%), sports nutrition (2.5%), marketing (1.3%), and others (3.3%) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref>].</p>
                <p>Regarding the recognition of specialties by the CFN and <italic>Conselho Regional de Nutrição</italic> (CRN, Regional Council of Nutritionists) system, the regulation for the areas of Nutrition and Phytotherapy, and Nutrition and Functional Foods occurred in 2021 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>]. Therefore, phytotherapy, functional foods, and bioactive compounds have acquired increasing prominence in nutritional strategies because of their potential physiological benefits and versatility. Phytotherapy uses medicinal plants to treat and prevent diseases, while foods with claims of functional properties and health and bioactive compounds offer, in addition to their nutritional value, positive health effects noteworthy worldwide [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>].</p>
                <p>These facts and the high professional adherence to the area of Clinical Nutrition show the popularization of nutritional work and an interest among people in having access to a service focused on their diet to seek better health, treatment of diseases, sports performance, among other reasons. Therefore, the expansion of the job market contributed to more studies, the solidity of the profession and the exploration of new segments, paving the way for the use of several nutritional strategies such as, for example, phytotherapy and the prescription of foods with functional properties and bioactive compounds [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>]. Nevertheless, data on the quantity of professionals engaged in these specific areas remains limited, attributable to the recent nature of the regulatory framework governing these roles within Brazil.</p>
                <p>Through the exploration of resolutions and laws and a bibliographic search of published works, this article characterized as a narrative review aims to analyze the performance of the nutritionist in the prescription of phytotherapeutics and in the area of Nutrition and Functional Foods, and to summarize Brazilian foods with claims of functional properties and health, their respective bioactive compounds and their physiological actions that can fit into nutritional behaviors.</p>
            </sec>
            <sec sec-type="methods">
                <title>METHODS</title>
                <p>This is a narrative review, which was composed of four main sections: 1) the role of the nutritionist in the area of phytotherapy; 2) the role of the nutritionist with foods with claims of functional and health properties and bioactive compounds; 3) Brazilian and regional foods and their bioactive compounds for the nutritionist’s clinical prescription; 4) effects of bioactive compounds on health, disease, and physical activity.</p>
                <p>For sections 1, 2, and 3, bibliographic searches related to the specific topic were conducted on websites and relevant legislation of the World Health Organization (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.who.int/">https://www.who.int/</ext-link>), the Brazilian Ministry of Health (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br">https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/">https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/</ext-link>), and the Federal Council of Nutritionists (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.cfn.org.br/">https://www.cfn.org.br/</ext-link>). For this purpose, search terms such as “phytotherapy”, “phytotherapeutics”, “functional property”, “bioactive substances” and “bioactive compounds” were used, in addition to related technical synonyms and targeted keywords. Duplicate information was excluded, and the main concepts and historical milestones related to the topics in question were considered for the work, being duly contextualized and referenced throughout the sections.</p>
                <p>In this section, some <italic>Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais</italic> (PANCs, Non-Conventional Food Plants) were described through searches in the PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Scopus databases with the following terms found in preliminary readings: tannia OR “Xanthosoma sagittifolium”; purslane OR “Portulaca oleracea”; bertalha OR “Basella alba”; baru OR “Dipteryx alata”. The prioritized studies were the most recent intervention studies and systematic and narrative reviews, with a focus on a period of the previous five years. The bioactive compounds and potential evidence of health benefits were described.</p>
                <p>For section 4, the search was conducted in the PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases. The search was conducted with a five-year period restriction and covered publications up to the time of data collection. To identify relevant studies, the bioactive compounds of Brazilian foods were identified through the following search terms: “pineapple” OR “Ananas comosus”; “açaí” OR “Euterpe oleracea”; “atemoya” OR “Annona Atemoya”; “avocado” OR “Persea americana”; “cocoa” OR “Theobroma cacao”; “camu-camu” OR “Myrciaria dubia McVaugh”; “guava” OR “Psidium guajava”; “guarana” OR “Paullinia cupana”; “juçara” OR “Euterpe edulis”; “mangaba” OR “Hancornia speciosa”; “pequi” OR “Caryocar brasiliense”, as well as closely-related synonyms and keywords on the subject. Subsequently, based on the list of identified bioactive compounds, each bioactive substance was used as a reliable search term for the investigation of functional properties. The search strategies were adjusted according to the specificity of each individual database.</p>
                <p>For inclusion in the study, preference was given to systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis) on the effects of bioactive compounds on health, disease, and physical activity, using the filters of these study designs in the mentioned databases.</p>
                <p>After the bioactive compounds and detailed mechanisms of action were properly identified, tables were structured in Microsoft Office Word® (v. 2019) containing the most relevant scientific information for the study, namely: popular and scientific name of the food, regions of Brazil where they are most frequently found, bioactive compounds present in the respective foods, and health effects. The health effects cited were extracted from the results and conclusions sections of the identified credible scientific articles.</p>
                <sec>
                    <title>The nutritionist’s role in the field of phytotherapy</title>
                    <p>Phytotherapy is considered a therapy characterized by the use of medicinal plants in their various different pharmaceutical forms, without the use of pure isolated substances. The most traditional use generally preserves the original composition and integrity of the plant of origin and can be used whole or in minimally processed parts, such as leaves, flowers, rhizomes, among others [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>]. The use of medicinal plants as phytotherapeutic drugs, traditional phytotherapeutic products, and magistral phytotherapeutic preparations, including extracts, tinctures, and oils, among others, is also widely common. In Brazil, for a medication to be considered a phytotherapeutic, it must not contain only isolated active substances, even if they are of plant origin. Bioactive substances isolated from certain edible plants are classified as food supplements and those originating from non-edible plants are considered phytopharmaceuticals, and both have different specific legislation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>].</p>
                    <p>Although legislation regulating the practice of phytotherapy in Brazil has emerged in the last two decades, the use of medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes is ancient. There are records of the use of therapeutic plants by ancient civilizations thousands of years ago, such as in Traditional Chinese Medicine or Ayurveda. This use has always been very present in many populations of different regions of the planet, often surrounded by knowledge of traditional popular wisdom. However, there is currently a growing number of scientific publications in the field of phytotherapy, and industry interest also accompanies this growth, with projections that this market will move billions of dollars globally in 2024 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>].</p>
                    <p>The use of medicinal plants in Brazil is relevant due to the vast plant diversity and the low cost of this therapy. This interest has grown since 2006, when the Ministry of Health published administrative measure No. 971, including the use of medicinal plants and phytotherapy as part of health care practices within the <italic>Sistema Único de Saúde</italic> (Unified Health System), through the <italic>Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares à Saúde</italic> (National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices). Also in 2006, the Brazilian government approved the <italic>Política e o Programa Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos</italic> (National Policy and Program of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines), with the aim of ensuring the Brazilian population has safe access to and rational use of medicinal plants and phytotherapeutics, following the recommendations of the World Health Organization [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>].</p>
                    <p>For nutritionists, the first regulation came in 2007 with Resolution No. 402 from the CFN, which regulated the prescription of phytotherapeutics by nutritionists, ensuring the right to include phytotherapeutics in their dietary prescriptions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>]. This legislation was updated in 2013, 2015, and 2021, and since these changes to the resolution began in 2013, the prescription of phytotherapeutics and magistral phytotherapeutics preparations has been allowed only by nutritionists considered qualified for this indication [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>].</p>
                    <p>Currently, the CFN Resolution No. 680 of 2021 stipulates that the prescription of medicinal plants in their natural form and plant-derived drugs, in the form of infusions, decoctions, and macerations in water, is permitted for all nutritionists, even those without formal specific training in phytotherapy. However, the prescription of any other substance, that is, plant-based drugs or plant derivatives in pharmaceutical forms, phytotherapeutic drugs, traditional phytotherapeutic products, and magistral phytotherapeutic preparations, is permitted only for nutritionists qualified in phytotherapy, with registration in their respective regional council. For this qualification, the nutritionist needs to have a lato sensu postgraduate certificate in phytotherapy from an institution accredited by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and with at least 200 hours of phytotherapy courses in the curriculum, or a specialist title in phytotherapy, such as the title awarded by examination by the <italic>Associação Brasileira de Nutrição</italic> (Brazilian Association of Nutrition). Once the nutritionist professional possesses this certificate, they need to register it with the CFN, and an authorization is issued, enabling them to prescribe phytotherapeutics [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>].</p>
                    <p>Recent data show that there are around 1,550 nutritionists in Brazil qualified in phytotherapy, according to information obtained from the CFN in April 2024. Brazilian Association of Nutrition, responsible for awarding the title of specialist in Phytotherapy, reports that just over 100 nutritionists received the title by April 2024. This low number of qualified nutritionists is noteworthy, considering that phytotherapy is a specialty area within nutrition and is also studied and used in other fields, with applications in clinical nutrition, sports nutrition, gerontology, gastroenterology, esthetics, among others. The number of qualified professionals is small compared to the large number of academic institutions offering lato sensu postgraduate programs in phytotherapy, and one of the reasons may be a lack of awareness of the legislation, particularly regarding the registration of the certificate with the CFN [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>].</p>
                    <p>The list of plants available for prescription by nutritionists is very extensive and involves plants from Brazil and other countries, provided they are authorized for sale in Brazil [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>]. For industrialized products, the pharmaceutical industry can only use plants registered or notified by the <italic>Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária</italic> (ANVISA, National Health Surveillance Agency), but prescribers still have the option to indicate phytotherapeutics in compounding pharmacies, which have a greater number of active ingredients than those used by the industry. The Ministry of Health in Brazil presents the <italic>Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS</italic> (Brazilian national list of medicinal plants of interest to the unified health system), which currently contains 71 species [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>]. This list includes plants commonly prescribed by nutritionists, such as Curcuma longa, known for its strong anti-inflammatory properties and studied in various areas ranging from metabolic syndrome treatment to muscle recovery after exercise [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>]. Other plants frequently prescribed by nutritionists are <italic>Camellia sinensis, Zingiber officinale, Matricaria recutita, Melissa officinalis, Pimpinella anisum, Peumus boldus, Casearia sylvestri, Allium sativum, Paullinia cupana, Ilex paraguariensis</italic>, among others. It is important to emphasize that such prescriptions should be based on valid scientific studies in the field. Some phytotherapeutics are poorly studied, which requires caution in prescribing, and although some plants are commonly studied, the studies may be insufficient, limiting their prescription [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>].</p>
                    <p>It should be highlighted that the clinical use of phytotherapeutics by nutritionists requires careful attention. Among the general population, there is a widespread cultural belief that the use of medicinal plants poses no health risks. However, the use of phytotherapeutics needs to be scientifically based and prescribed individually [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>]. Indiscriminate use of phytotherapy can compromise the function of important organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and heart, among others [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>]. Toxicity studies demonstrate that some medicinal plants, when used in incorrect doses or over long periods, can be associated with side effects and organ overload. For nutritionists wishing to prescribe phytotherapeutics in their clinical practice, it is necessary to understand that a medicinal plant should be indicated ethically and responsibly, defining the start and end of use, individualized doses, and attention to possible interactions between the plant and nutrients, foods, or medications used by patients [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>]. It is important to emphasize that, due to the fact that some plants have few reliable scientific studies, especially research on interactions with other substances or plants, the care in individualizing this prescription must be reinforced. This includes use in specific populations, such as pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>]. The current legislation on phytotherapy and the Code of Ethics of the profession emphasize that the nutritionist is responsible for what they prescribe. Therefore, the indication of phytotherapeutics in their clinical practice needs to be ethical, scientifically based, and carried out when there are clear benefits to the patient, without posing risks.</p>
                </sec>
                <sec>
                    <title>The role of nutritionists in foods with claims of functional properties and health and bioactive compounds</title>
                    <p>The current Western dietary pattern is associated with an increased incidence of various diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In this context, adopting a diet reduced in processed foods and with a higher availability of natural foods can have substantial positive health effects and reduce the risk of chronic diseases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>].</p>
                    <p>With the pursuit of a more natural diet and reduced consumption of ultra-processed products, functional foods stand out for their unique antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics that can improve metabolic disorders [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>]. These foods are characterized by providing beneficial physiological effects on health when consumed regularly as part of the habitual diet [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>]. They can be natural or specifically industrial, when designed to provide specific benefits beyond basic nutritional needs [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>].</p>
                    <p>In Brazil, legislation does not define the term functional food. According to administrative measure No. 398 of April 30, 1999, ANVISA defines functional property claims and health property claims for this type of food [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>]. These claims need to be fully recognized by scientific evidence for each food or product that proves their biological actions [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>]. Industrialized products must be formulated from the combination of edible products or natural foods rich in nutrients such as dietary fiber, phytochemicals, antioxidants, probiotics, bioactive compounds, among others, that exert a notable beneficial effect on the body [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>]. Additionally, they must be registered with ANVISA, safe for human consumption, and have advanced technological characteristics that allow their inclusion in the habitual diet effectively [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref>].</p>
                    <p>According to the CFN, the specialization course in ‘Nutrition and Functional Foods’ is recognized in Brazil, allowing professionals to deepen their knowledge of the characteristics of foods with functional properties and apply them in practical clinical practice [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref>]. In this context, the nutritionist has important tools for nutritional prescription both in strategic planning of dietary therapy and in nutritional education programs to contribute to the health of the population.</p>
                    <p>Regarding bioactive compounds, the <italic>Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada</italic> (RDC Collegiate Board Resolution) No. 243/18 from ANVISA defines a bioactive substance as a nutrient or non-nutrient normally consumed as a specific component of food, which exerts specific metabolic or physiological action in the human body [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>]. Bioactive substances may include macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), phytonutrients (terpenes, alkaloids, phenolics, and organosulfur compounds), and regulators of the gut microbiome (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>], which possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and neuroprotective properties [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref>]. A well-balanced diet containing a variety of grains, vegetables, legumes, and fruits provides adequate sufficient micronutrients for health [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref>].</p>
                    <p>Nutritionists, in turn, are allowed to prescribe bioactive compounds approved by ANVISA, according to RDC Resolution No. 2, dated January 7, 2002 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref>]. However, an important factor to be considered in nutritional strategies is the careful choice between prescribing isolated active compounds and whole foods for consumption, taking into account the food matrix as a nutritional strategy. The food matrix refers not only to the chemical and physical components of foods but also to their molecular relationships that affect how the food is digested and metabolized [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref>]. Thus, considering the food matrix as a necessary choice in nutritional interventions ensures that the food will have functionalities and mechanisms of action different from those exhibited by isolated components. Bioconversion, bioactivity, and bioefficacy are related to the biochemical transformations of food components released together from the food matrix and with specific physiological and health responses in the body [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref>].</p>
                    <p>Thus, the consumption of whole foods should be encouraged, as they are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds with widely recognized health effects, contributing to a more diverse and natural diet, and reducing the risk of developing chronic diseases in the long term [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref>].</p>
                </sec>
                <sec>
                    <title>Brazilian and regional foods and their bioactive compounds for nutritionist prescription</title>
                    <p>Brazil’s biodiversity encompasses approximately 20% of the world’s total and has one of the richest biomes globally, including the Atlantic Forest, a significant part of the Amazon Rainforest, the Cerrado, the Caatinga, the Pantanal, and the Pampas [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref>]. In 2022, data from the Food and Agriculture Organization showed that Brazil was among the top 10 producers of tropical fruits (5th place) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">47</xref>]. In recent years, research on the potential of various native Brazilian fruit species has increased. Some native Brazilian fruit species, their detailed bioactive composition, and their notable health benefits are listed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Table 1</xref>.</p>
                    <table-wrap id="t03">
                        <label>Table 1</label>
                        <caption>
                            <title>Bioactive compounds and health benefits of some Brazilian and regional fruits. Florianópolis (SC), Brazil, 2025.</title>
                        </caption>
                        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                            <thead>
                                <tr align="center">
                                    <th align="left">Popular and scientific name</th>
                                    <th>Region of Brazil</th>
                                    <th>Bioactive compounds</th>
                                    <th>Health effects</th>
                                </tr>
                            </thead>
                            <tbody>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Pineapple (Ananas comosus)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">50</xref></td>
                                    <td>All regions</td>
                                    <td>Citric acid, malic acid, ferulic acid, vitamin C and flavonoids</td>
                                    <td>↓ Incidence of sinusitis, ↓ pain, ↓ secretion of inflammatory markers</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Açaí (Euterpe oleracea)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">51</xref></td>
                                    <td>Amazon region</td>
                                    <td>Polyphenols such as anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds</td>
                                    <td>↑ serum antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzymes, ↓ lipid peroxidation, total cholesterol and LDL-c</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Atemoya (Annona Atemoya)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">52</xref></td>
                                    <td>Northeast, Southeast and South</td>
                                    <td>Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds</td>
                                    <td>Antiangiogenic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Avocado (Persea americana) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">53</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54">54</xref></td>
                                    <td>All regions</td>
                                    <td>Vitamin E and phytochemicals</td>
                                    <td>↓ Visceral adipose tissue, ↓ total cholesterol and LDL-c, ↑ HDL-c</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Cocoa (Theobroma cacao)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B55">55</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B56">56</xref></td>
                                    <td>North, Northeast and Midwest</td>
                                    <td>Flavonoids such as (-)-Epicachin, (+)-catechin, procyanidin b1, procyanidin b2</td>
                                    <td>Improvement in cognitive and atheroplatelet function</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia McVaugh) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B57">57</xref></td>
                                    <td>North and Southeast</td>
                                    <td>Vitamin C, carotenoids and polyphenols, including ellagic acid and anthocyanins</td>
                                    <td>↓ blood pressure, triglycerides and abdominal circumference</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Guava (Psidium guajava)<break/>[ <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B58">58</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">61</xref></td>
                                    <td>All regions</td>
                                    <td>Polyphenols such as flavonoids and tannins; alkaloids, triterpenoids and carotenoids</td>
                                    <td>Antidiarrheal effect; treatment of gingivitis and oral ulcers.</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Guarana (Paullinia cupana) <break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B62">62</xref></td>
                                    <td>North, Northeast and Midwest</td>
                                    <td>Polyphenols such as flavonoids (catechins and epicatechins) and pro-anthocyanidins</td>
                                    <td>↑ Performance on cognitive tests</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Juçara (Euterpe edulis)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">51</xref></td>
                                    <td>Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul</td>
                                    <td>Protocatechuic, p-coumaric, vanillic, gallic, caffeic, ferulic, syringic, sinapic, ellagic, chlorogenic, apigenin, kaempferol, aromadendrin, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, taxifolin, myricetin, isoquercetin, rutin, resveratrol, rutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside</td>
                                    <td>↑ HDL-c and CAT</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">63</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B65">65</xref></td>
                                    <td>North, Northeast, Midwest and part of Southeast Brazil</td>
                                    <td>Rutin, chlorogenic acid, phenolic acids, vitamin C</td>
                                    <td>Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial and ↓ lipid peroxidation effect</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center" valign="top">
                                    <td align="left">Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense)<break/>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B66">66</xref></td>
                                    <td>North, Northeast, Midwest and Southeast</td>
                                    <td>Carotenoids and phenolic compounds</td>
                                    <td>↓ hepatic lipid peroxidation, ↓ TNF-α, IL-1b, IL-6, ↑ CAT activity, ↓ lipid peroxidation, ↓ leukocyte migration, ↑ antinociceptive effect of cold</td>
                                </tr>
                            </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table-wrap-foot>
                            <fn>
                                <p>Note: Akt: Protein Kinase B; CAT: Catalase Enzyme; HDL-c: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; IL-1b: Interleukin-1beta; IL-6: Interleukin-6; LDL-c: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; Pl3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.</p>
                            </fn>
                        </table-wrap-foot>
                    </table-wrap>
                    <p>Other vegetables rich in bioactive compounds, sources of sustainable food, and found in abundance in Brazil are Non-Conventional Food Plants. These do not belong to the set of commonly consumed plants and are often not part of an individual’s diet because of lack of knowledge or specific other reasons. They include fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, stems, and/or flowers of species that grow spontaneously in nature and are accessible, nutritionally diverse, sustainable, high in nutritional value, and unique bioactive compounds [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B67">67</xref>].</p>
                    <p>The use of PANCs in nutrition can encourage cultural diversification, especially in family farming, as they are part of the traditional practices of various communities. Their cultivation and consumption highlight value and preserve food traditions, diversify the food supply, reduce dependence on conventional crops, strengthen food and nutritional security, and ensure the human right to adequate and healthy food. Because of these important factors, PANCs are encouraged to be part of modern innovative solutions for nutrient-rich alternatives, sustainable agriculture, and advanced industrial technologies, exploring their exceptional beneficial properties for the development of safer food products. This topic is aligned with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, driven by social, economic, and environmental factors, to eliminate world hunger and poverty [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B67">67</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B68">68</xref>].</p>
                    <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t04">Table 2</xref> displays various PANCs and their bioactive compounds, along with evidence of their health benefits. This table is structured based on findings from the latest intervention studies and reviews.</p>
                    <table-wrap id="t04">
                        <label>Table 2</label>
                        <caption>
                            <title>Characteristics of four Brazilian Non-Conventional Food Plants Food Plants (PANCs) and health effects. Florianópolis (SC), Brazil, 2025.</title>
                        </caption>
                        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                            <thead>
                                <tr align="center">
                                    <th align="left">Popular and scientific name</th>
                                    <th>Region of Brazil</th>
                                    <th>Bioactive compounds</th>
                                    <th>Type of studies and effects on human health</th>
                                </tr>
                            </thead>
                            <tbody>
                                <tr align="center">
                                    <td align="left">Tannia (<italic>Xanthosoma sagittifolium</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B69">69</xref></td>
                                    <td>Southeast</td>
                                    <td>Syringic acid, caffeic acid and quercetin</td>
                                    <td>Experimental and in vitro. No proven effect</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center">
                                    <td align="left">Purslane (<italic>Portulaca oleracea</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B70">70</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B71">71</xref></td>
                                    <td>Southeast</td>
                                    <td>Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, carotenoids</td>
                                    <td>Experimental, in vitro and clinical trials. There was a decrease in fasting blood glucose</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center">
                                    <td align="left">Bertalha (<italic>Basella alba</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B72">72</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B73">73</xref></td>
                                    <td>North</td>
                                    <td>Phenolic compounds and flavonoids</td>
                                    <td>Experimental and in vitro. No proven effect</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr align="center">
                                    <td align="left">Baru (<italic>Dipteryx alata</italic>) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B74">74</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B75">75</xref></td>
                                    <td>Midwest</td>
                                    <td>Phenolic acids and flavonoids and vitamin C</td>
                                    <td>Experimental, in vitro and clinical trials. Consumption reduced serum concentrations of TC, non-HDL-c, LDL-c, blood pressure and glycemic curve</td>
                                </tr>
                            </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table-wrap-foot>
                            <fn>
                                <p>Note: LDL-c: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; non-HDL-c: Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; TC: Triglycerides.</p>
                            </fn>
                        </table-wrap-foot>
                    </table-wrap>
                </sec>
                <sec>
                    <title>Effects of bioactive compounds on health, disease, and physical activity</title>
                    <p>As shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t03">Table 1</xref>, the bioactive compounds in Brazilian fruits exhibit various clinically relevant beneficial effects on human health. Among these effects are antiglycemic, anticarcinogenic, and chemopreventive activities, antioxidant activity, and reduction of oxidative stress. Certain powerful bioactive compounds, such as those in <italic>Persea americana</italic>, have demonstrated improvements in lipid profile parameters, potentially contributing to a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">53</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B54">54</xref>]. Other compounds act more directly in suppressing symptoms such as pain (Ananas comosus), diarrhea, gingivitis, and oral ulcers (<italic>Psidium guajava</italic>), which can be useful in routine clinical practice [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">49</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">50</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B58">58</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B61">61</xref>]. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are identified in the use of some substances (such as Annona atemoya, <italic>Euterpe edulis</italic>, and <italic>Hancornia speciosa</italic>), which may have clinical relevance in diet therapy for various chronic pathologies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B51">51</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52">52</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B63">63</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B65">65</xref>].</p>
                    <p>Regarding bioactive compounds with limited unproven effects, the literature contains some initial studies revealing interesting emerging results. <italic>Copaifera langsdorffii</italic>, for example, appears to have a beneficial dental effect in the context of a pulpotomy of deciduous teeth in children [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B76">76</xref>]. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the administration of an herbal mixture containing <italic>Guazuma ulmifolia</italic> and <italic>Tecoma</italic> stans showed a reduction in waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HbA1c in the intervention group, which seems beneficial for improving glycemic control [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B77">77</xref>]. Desirable metabolic effects also appear to be obtained through the consumption of jabuticaba (<italic>Myrciaria jaboticaba</italic>) juice due to its high polyphenol content, such as a decrease in reactive oxygen species after eccentric exercise, providing protection of macro and microvascular functions under conditions of severe redox homeostasis imbalance [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B78">78</xref>].</p>
                    <p>However, there are still relatively few studies that compile the main effects of bioactive compounds from Brazilian and regional fruits, especially in the context of physical activity, reflecting the need for advancement in clinical investigations of these bioactive compounds. By expanding the understanding of the physiological impact of bioactive compounds, new research possibilities can be outlined to improve human health and performance, thus contributing to the advancement of scientific knowledge and public health initiatives.</p>
                </sec>
            </sec>
            <sec sec-type="conclusions">
                <title>CONCLUSION</title>
                <p>According to the findings of this study, the integration of areas such as phytotherapy, foods with functional health claims, and bioactive compounds into nutritional practice represents an advancement in health promotion and disease prevention. However, as it is a narrative review, it presents the limitation of the inherent subjectivity of this method, because of the absence of rigorous systematic criteria. This characteristic can introduce biases both in the selection and interpretation of the analyzed works, as these processes depend directly on the authors, which may compromise the reproducibility of the results.</p>
                <p>It is also worth noting that strengthening the scientific evidence on these topics will solidify the nutritionist’s field of practice, favoring professional recognition and leading to further investigations into who the specialists are and how they operate. A robust mapping of national data revealing the scenario of nutritionists’ practices in these strategic areas is essential, further expanding the reach and effectiveness of practices.</p>
                <p>The expansion of studies on the therapeutic properties of foods has profoundly enriched scientific understanding and broadened the available nutritional strategies. This advancement is reflected in clinical practice, where the prescription of personalized diets –focusing on the food matrix as a source of bioactive compounds and functional properties, and dietary supplements when necessary – has shown significant results. Additionally, it contributes significantly to education and research, establishing a solid foundation for future innovations and discoveries. Continuous investments in research and training are essential to ensure the safety of nutritionists’ prescriptions and to fully explore the immense benefits of Brazilian natural resources.</p>
            </sec>
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                <fn fn-type="other">
                    <p><bold>How to cite this article:</bold> Vieira LC, Souza JS, Copetti CLK, Souza MLR, Baptistella ABP, Di Pietro PF. The role of nutritionist in phytotherapy, foods with claims of functional and health properties and bioactive compounds. Rev Nutr. 2025;38:e240109. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202538e240109en">https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202538e240109en</ext-link></p>
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    </sub-article>
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