O método da água duplamente marcada e pesquisas de ingestão alimentar
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método da água duplamente marcada, pesquisas de ingestão alimentar, epidemiologia, consumo de energia, gastos de energiaResumo
Pesquisas de ingestão alimentar em seres humanos, seguindo medidas de gastos de energia, obtidas pela técnica da água duplamente marcada, têm sido amplamente questionadas nos últimos anos. Este artigo faz uma revisão de estudos realizados em adultos e crianças, comparando consumo e gastos de energia nos mesmos indivíduos. Em adultos, o consumo relatado é freqüentemente insuficiente para cobrir as necessidades mínimas de energia. O nível típico de sub notificação é de cerca de 20% e chega a percentuais maiores em indivíduos obesos. Dados de consumo obtidos de crianças são mais válidos que dados de adultos. Métodos diferentes de pesquisa produzem graus diferenciados de conformidade entre medidas de consumo e gasto usando a técnica da água duplamente marcada: questionários de freqüência tendem a induzir super estimados, enquanto o clássico recordatório de 24 horas é muito suscetível a grandes sub notificação. Até mesmo adultos obesos podem fornecer relatos precisos de seus consumos alimentares diários se apropriadamente treinados e motivados. A interpretação dos dados obtidos com o método da água duplamente marcada deveria integrar as consideráveis variações do dia-a-dia observadas na ingestão alimentar dos seres humanos.
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