Parental alienation: Design of an instrument to assess mothers’ alienating behavior

Authors

  • Thayro Andrade CARVALHO Faculdade Maurício de Nassau, Departamento de Psicologia, Curso de Psicologia.
  • Emerson Diógenes de MEDEIROS Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Psicologia, Laboratório de Avaliação Psicológica do Delta.
  • Maria da Penha de Lima COUTINHO Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Humanas Letras e Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social.
  • Tamíris da Costa BRASILEIRO Faculdades Integradas de Patos, Departamento de Psicologia, Curso de Psicologia.
  • Patrícia Nunes da FONSÊCA Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Educação, Departamento de Psicopedagogia.

Keywords:

Parental alienation, Inventories, Mothers

Abstract

This research aims to develop the “Inventário de Práticas Maternas Alienantes” (Maternal Alienating Practices Inventory) and provide validity evidence based on internal structure. Therefore, two studies were carried out: in study 1, participants were 200 divorced mothers from different cities in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and their average age was 35 years (SD = 9.06). Exploratory Factor Analysis showed that the Maternal Alienating Practices Inventory is a one-factor structure instrument with internal consistency of 0.83. In study 2, participants were 189 divorced mothers from different cities in state of Paraíba, and their average age was 37 years (SD = 10.69). Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed a one-factor structure of the instrument [χ² = 141,05, χ²/gl = 4,03, GFI = 0,87, CFI = 0,88, TLI = 0,85, RMSEA (IC90% = 0,10 – 0,14) = 0,12, CAIC = 265,89 and ECVI = 0,96]. It was concluded that the Maternal Alienating Practices Inventory is an instrument with psychometric properties, and therefore it can be used with caution in future studies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agüero, M. C. P., & Andrade, P. (2013). Construcción y validación de um cuestionario de alienación parental em padres divorciados. Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 47(1), 17-24.

Associação de Pais e Mães Separados. (2014). A Lei da Alienação Parental completa um ano e dobra o número de pais com guarda dos filhos. Recuperado em março 25, 2014, de http://www.apase.org.br/

Baker, A. J. L. (2007). Adult children of parental alienation syndrome: Breaking the ties that bind. New York: Norton.

Baker, A. J. L. (2010). Adult recall of parental alienation in a community sample: Prevalence and associations with psychological maltreatment. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 51(1), 16-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502550903423206

Baker, A. J. L., & Fine, P. R. (2014). Surviving parental alienation: A journey of hope and healing. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

Baker, A. J. L., Burkhard, B., & Albertson-Kelly, J. (2012). Differentiating alienated from not alienated children: A pilot study. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 53(3), 178- 193. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2012.663266

Bernet, W., & Baker, A. J. L. (2013). Parental alienation, DSM-5, and ICD-11: Response to critics. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 41(1), 98-104.

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. (2012). Resolução n° 466, de 12 de dezembro de 2012. Recuperado em fevereiro 14, 2017, de http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/cns/2013/res0466_12_12_2012.html

Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with Amos: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Springer.

Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 309-319.

Costa, A. L. F. (2011). A morte inventada: depoimentos e análise sobre a alienação parental e sua síndrome. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 28(2), 279-281. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-166X2011000200015

Denollet, J., Smolderen, K. G. E., van den Broek, K. C., & Pedersen, S. S. (2007). The 10-item Remembered Relationship with Parents (RRP10) scale: Two-factor model and association with adult depressive symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 100(1-3), 179-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.10.009

Dreman, S. (1991). Coping with the trauma of divorce. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 4(1), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00976012

Féres-Carneiro, T. (2012). Alienação parental: uma leitura psicológica. In E. L. Silva et al. (2012). A síndrome da alienação parental e a tirania do guardião: aspectos psicológicos, sociais e jurídicos (pp.63-68). Porto Alegre: Equilíbrio.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312

Gardner, R. (2002). Parental alienation syndrome vs parental alienation: Which diagnosis should evaluators use in child-custody disputes? The American Journal of Family Therapy, 30(2), 93-115.

Gardner, R. A. (1985). Recent trends in divorce and custody litigation. Academy Forum, 29(2), 3-7.

Gouveia, R. S. V., Souza Filho, J. F., Fonsêca, P. N., Andrade, J. M., Amorim-Gaudêncio, C., Souza, R. V. L., & Gouveia, V. V. (2013). Avaliando lembranças de alienação e controle parental: evidências de validade de construto da RRP10 no Brasil. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 26(3), 435-442. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722013000300002

Gouveia, V. V., & Gabriel, M. S. (2013). Calculadoras de validade de construto. João Pessoa: Universidade Federal da Paraíba.

Hands, A. J., & Warshak, R. A. (2011). Parental alienation among college students. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 39(5), 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2011.575336

Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

Johnston, J. R. (2003). Parental alignments and rejection: An empirical study of alienation in children of divorce. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 31(2), 158-170.

Johnston, J. R., & Kelly, J. B. (2004). Rejoinder to Gardner’s “Commentary on Kelly and Johnston’s the alienated child: A reformulation of parental alienation syndrome”. Family Court Review, 42(4), 622-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.174-1617.2004.tb01328.x

Kelly, B. J., & Johnston, J. R. (2001). The alienated child: A reformulation of parental alienation syndrome. Family Court Review, 39(3), 249-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.174-1617.2001.tb00609.x

Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2a ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.

Laros, J. A. (2004). O uso da análise fatorial: algumas diretrizes para pesquisadores. In L. Pasquali (Org.), Análise fatorial para pesquisadores. Petrópolis: Vozes.

López, J. T., Iglesias, V. E. N., & García, P. F. (2014). Parental alienation gradient: Strategies for a syndrome. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 42(3), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2013.820116

Moné, J. G., & Biringen, Z. (2012). Assessing parental alienation: Empirical assessment of college students’ recollections of parental alienation during their childhoods. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 53(3), 157-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/10502556.2012.663265

Pasquali, L. (1997). Psicometria: teoria e aplicações (pp.161-200). Brasília: UnB.

Spruijt, E. Eikelenboom, B., Harmeling, J., Stokkers, R., & Kormos, H. (2005). Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) in the Netherlands. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 33(4), 303-317. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180590962110

Wagner, A., Tronco, C., & Armani, A. B. (2011). Os desafios da família contemporânea: revisitando conceitos. In A. Wagner et al. Desafios psicossociais da família contemporânea - pesquisas e reflexões (pp.19-33). Porto Alegre: Artmed.

Weigel, D. J., & Donovan, K. A. (2006). Parental alienation syndrome: Diagnostic and triadic perspectives. The Family Journal, 14(3), 274-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480706287893

Published

2023-03-09

How to Cite

CARVALHO, T. A., MEDEIROS, E. D. de, COUTINHO, M. da P. de L., BRASILEIRO, T. da C., & FONSÊCA, P. N. da. (2023). Parental alienation: Design of an instrument to assess mothers’ alienating behavior. Psychological Studies (Campinas), 34(3). Retrieved from https://puccampinas.emnuvens.com.br/estpsi/article/view/7686

Issue

Section

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT