Disposições pessoais dos ostracizadores e vítimas do ostracismo
Palavras-chave:
Isolamento social, Exclusão social, Personalidade, Desenvolvimento da personalidade, Ambiente educacional, Avaliação psicológicaResumo
Objetivo
Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar os traços de personalidade de indivíduos que praticam o ostracismo (ostracizadores) e daqueles que se tornam vítimas de ostracismo. Busca compreender como características específicas influenciam os padrões comportamentais relacionados à exclusão social, fornecendo subsídios para medidas preventivas no ambiente educacional
Método
Participaram do estudo 494 estudantes, dos quais 260 apresentaram altos níveis de comportamento ostracizador e 234 relataram serem frequentemente vítimas de ostracismo. Foram utilizados instrumentos psicológicos padronizados e questionários de autorrelato para avaliar traços de personalidade, tendências comportamentais e padrões de interação social. Análises estatísticas, incluindo modelagem de regressão e comparações entre grupos, foram realizadas para identificar preditores dos comportamentos de ostracismo e vitimização.
Resultados
Os resultados indicaram que indivíduos propensos a ostracizar outros apresentaram forte inclinação para liderança, baixa adesão às normas do grupo, tendência à desobediência intencional e respostas sociais inadequadas. As vítimas de ostracismo, por sua vez, demonstraram percepções negativas de si mesmas, relutância em divulgar informações pessoais e preferência pela gratificação imediata em detrimento da recompensa tardia. Além disso, foram observadas diferenças de gênero e status social entre ostracizadores e vítimas, evidenciando dinâmicas sociais importantes que influenciam o ostracismo em ambientes educacionais.
Conclusão
Os traços de personalidade e padrões comportamentais identificados fornecem uma base para o desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção e prevenção voltados para a redução do ostracismo entre estudantes. A compreensão dos perfis psicológicos associados tanto a ostracizadores quanto a vítimas pode auxiliar educadores e psicólogos na criação de ambientes inclusivos que favoreçam a integração social e a redução da exclusão.
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