Dietary patterns and significance of nutrition for women with low-risk pregnancy
Keywords:
Feeding behavior, Pregnant women, Prenatal careAbstract
Objective
To evaluate dietary patterns and significance of diet for pregnant women.
Methods
Cross-sectional study carried out in eight health units in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, with 201 pregnant women. The following instruments were used: a socio-economic and health questionnaire, the Free-Word Association Test, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using principal components and factor analysis. Poisson regression with 5% significance level was used.
Results
Three dietary patterns were identified: current Brazilian pattern (beans, rice, processed meats, fats, refined grains, pasta and pastries, soft drink, sugar and sweets, cookies and crackers); healthy pattern (fruits and fruit juices, vegetables, whole grains, seafood, dairy products); and energy-rich pattern (salty deep-fried snacks,popcorn, packaged snacks, instant noodles, tubers, and chicken). Women who did not receive nutrition guidance during prenatal care showed less chance of adherence to the current Brazilian dietary pattern (PR=0.87), and therefore their level of consumption of foods commonly present in Brazilian diets was low. For most women, the significance of diet was reported as important and healthy, but it was not associated with any of the diet
patterns identified. However, the women who did not consider that during pregnancy diet should be healthy showed greater chance of adherence to the energy-rich pattern (PR=1.18). This finding deserves special attention since excessive weight gain can have a negative effect on pregnancy.
Conclusion
Nutrition guidance during prenatal care and the way pregnant women perceive their eating habits can influence
their food choices during pregnancy.
References
Brantsaeter AL, Haugen M, Samuelsen SO, Torjusen H, Trogstad L, Alexander J, et al. A dietary pattern characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruits, and vegetable oils is associated with reduced risk of preeclampsia in nulliparous pregnant Norwegian women. J Nutr. 2009;139(6):1662-8. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.104968
Uusitalo U, Arkkola T, Ovaskainen M, KronbergKippila C, Kenward MG, Veijola R, et al. Unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with weight gain during pregnancy among Finnish women. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(12):2392-99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898000900528X
Gaillard R, Felix JF, Duijts L, Jaddoe VWV. Childhood consequences of maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014; 93(11):1085-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12506
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Atenção ao pré-natal de baixo risco. Cadernos de Atenção Básica. 2012 [acesso 2015 set 18];(32). Disponível em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/cadernos_atencao_basica_32_prenatal.pdf
Vitolo MR, Bueno MSF, Gama CM. Impacto de um programa de orientação dietética sobre a velocidade de ganho de peso de gestantes atendidas em unidades de saúde. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet.2011;33(1):13-9.
Bayley TM, Dye L, Jones S, Bono MD, Hill AJ. Food cravings and aversions during pregnancy: Relationships with nausea and vomiting. Appetite. 2002;38(1):45-5.
Junges CF, Ressel LB, Monticelli M. Entre desejos e possibilidades: práticas alimentares de gestantes em uma comunidade urbana no Sul do Brasil. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2014; 23(2):382-90. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072014000210013
Azevedo DV, Araújo ACPF, Costa ICC. An analysis of the meanings of pre-eclampsia for pregnant and postpartum women and health professionals in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Midwifery. 2010;27(6):182-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2010.06.021
Garcia RWD. Representações sobre consumo alimentar e suas implicações em inquéritos alimentares: estudo qualitativo em sujeitos submetidos à prescrição dietética. Rev Nutr. 2004;17(1):15-28. https//:doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732004000100002
Newby PK, Tucker KL. Empirically derived eating patterns using factor or cluster analysis: A review. Nutr Rev. 2004;62(5):177-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00040.x
United States Department of Agriculture. A series of systematic reviews on the relationship between dietary patterns and health outcomes. Washington (DC): United States Department of Agriculture; 2014.
Nóbrega SM, Coutinho MPL. O teste de associação livre de palavras. In: Coutinho MPL, Lima AS, Oliveira FB, Fortunato ML, organizadores. Representações sociais: abordagem multidisciplinar. João Pessoa: Universitária; 2003. p.67-77.
De Rosa AS. Le réseau d’associations: Une technique pour détecter La structure, les contenus, les indices de polarité, de neutralité et de stéréotypie du champ sémantique liés aux représentations sociales. In: Abric JC. Méthodes d’étude dês représentations sociales. Ramonville Saint-Agne: Érès; 2003. p.81-117.
Oliveira DC, Marques SC, Gomes AMT, Teixeira MCTV. A análise das evocações livres: uma técnica de análise estrutural das representações sociais. In: Moreira ASP, Camargo BV, Jesuíno JC, Nóbrega SM, organizadores. Perspectivas teórico-metodo-lógicas em representações sociais. João Pessoa: Universitária; 2005. p.573-99.
Oliveira T, Marquitti FD, Carvalhaes MABL, Sartorelli DS. Desenvolvimento de um Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar (QQFA) para gestantes usuárias de unidades básicas de saúde de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Cad. Saúde Pública. 2010;26(12):2296-306.
Hearty AP, Gibney MJ. Comparison of cluster and principal component analysis techniques to derive dietary patterns in Irish adults. Br J Nutr. 2009;101(4):598-608. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508014128
Marchioni DML, Latorre MRDO, Eluf-Neto J, Wünsch-Filho V, Fisberg RM. Identification of dietary patterns using factor analysis in an epidemiological study in São Paulo. Sao Paulo Med J. 2005;123(3):124-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-31802005000300007
Vilela AAF, Farias DR, Eshriqui I, Vaz JS, Franco-Sena AB, Castro MBT, et al. Prepregnancy Healthy Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant Brazilian Women. J Nutr. 2014;144(10):1612-18. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.190488
Bouwland-Both MI, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Vujkovic M, Lesaffre E, Mook-Kanamori D, Hofman A, et al. A periconceptional energy-rich dietary pattern is associated with early fetal growth: The Generation R study. Int J Obst Gynaecol. 2012;120(4):435-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12086
Hoffmann JF, Nunes MAA, Schmidt MI, Olinto MTA, Melere C, Ozcariz SGI, et al. Dietary patterns during pregnancy and the association with sociodemographic characteristics among women attending general practices in Southern Brazil: The ECCAGe Study. Cad Saúde Pública. 2013;29(5):970-80.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2008-2009: análise do consumo alimentar pessoal no Brasil. Brasília: IBGE; 2011 [acesso 2015 set 15]. Disponível em: http://186.228.51.37/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/pof/2008_2009_medidas/pofmedidas.pdf
Louzada MLC, Martins APB, Canella DS, Baraldil LG, Levy RB, Claro RM, et al. Ultra-processed foods and the nutritional dietary profile in Brazil. Rev Saúde Pública. 2015;49(38):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049006132
Brent RL, Christian MS, Diener RM. Evaluation of the reproductive and developmental risks of caffeine. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2011; 92(2):152-87. https//:doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.2028
Northstone K, Emmett P, Rogers I. Dietary patterns in pregnancy and associations with demographic and lifestyle factors. Eur J Clin Nutr.2008;62(1):471-9.
Cole ZA, Gale CR, Javaid MK, Robinson SM, Law C, Boucher BJ, et al. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and childhood bone mass: A longitudinal study. J Bone Mineral Res. 2009;24(4):663-8. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.081212
Crozier SR, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Cooper C, Inskip HM. Women’s dietary patterns change little from before to during pregnancy. J Nutr. 2009; 139(10):1956-63. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.109579
Hu FB. Dietary pattern analysis: A new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002;13(1):3-9.
Cotta RMM, Reis RS, Rodrigues JFC, Campos ACM, Costa GD, Sant’Ana LFR, et al. Aspectos relacionados aos hábitos e práticas alimentares de gestantes e mães de crianças menores de dois anos de idade: o programa saúde da família em pauta. Mundo Saúde. 2009;33(3):294-302.
Baião MR, Deslandes SF. Práticas alimentares na gravidez: um estudo com gestantes e puérperas de um complexo de favelas do Rio de Janeiro (RJ, Brasil). Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2010;15(2);3199-206.https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232010000
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Natália Sales de CARVALHO, Soraia Pinheiro Machado ARRUDA, Letícia Maria Rodrigues RAMOS, Marcia Maria Tavares MACHADO, Daniela Vasconcelos de AZEVEDO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
