Recovery from malnutrition in rats with or without the addition of dietary food supplements, vitamins and minerals during the growth period
Keywords:
protein-energy malnutrition, food supplement, body weight, rats, dietary vitaminsAbstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to analyze dietary food supplementation efficiency in the municipal district of Quissamã, RJ, for recovery from malnutrition during the growth period.
Methods
We used 42 Rattus norvegicus, weaned on the 26th day and induced to malnutrition for 21 days (low protein diet 2%, ad libitum). The animals were divided into 7 groups and fed their respective diets, all of them isoproteic (10%) and isocaloric (350Kcal/100g). Their body weight was registered and liver, kidneys, spleen and intestines were collected and weighed after the animals were sacrificed.
Results
On the 28th day, the mean weight gain (75.33g) in the supplementary food control group was significantly inferior to the other groups, and the mean weight gain of the supplementary food and vitamins + minerals control group was the highest (213.17g). Almost all the groups showed statistical differences for the mean weight of the liver, kidneys and spleen; in the supplementary food control group these organs presented the lowest weight (respectively 3.34g; 0.97g; 0.24g), being significantly inferior to the other groups. The supplementary food and vitamins + minerals control group presented the highest mean liver weight (13.85g),
as well as the highest kidneys (1.88g) and spleen mean weight (0.87g). The number of Peyer patches/animal varied from 9 to 13, without differences among the groups; the size of the Peyer patches (2.6mm) for the supplementary food control group was significantly smaller than in the other groups. The Quissamã food supplement presented the largest Peyer patches (4.4mm). The food supplement control group presented lower values for all of the studied comparative parameters, since no dietary vitamins and minerals were added.
Conclusion
The Quissamã, RJ diet reaches the minimal needs to promote recovery from malnutrition, rendering unnecessary the addition of vitamins and mineral and/or food supplementation.
Downloads
References
Issler RMS, Giugliani ERJ, Kreutz GT, Meneses CF, Justo EB, Kreutz VM, et al. Poverty levels and children’s health status: study of risk factors in a population of low socioeconomic level. Rev Saúde Pública 1996; 30(6):506-11.
Azeredo VB, Carmo MGT, Boaventura GT, Dias MM, Lobo FP. Multimistura: uma alternativa alimentar. Rio de Janeiro: Independente; 1999. 79p.
Scott ME, Koski KG. Zinc deficiency impairs immune responses against parasitic nematode infections at intestinal and systemic sites. J Nutr 2000; 130(5 Suppl):1412S-20S.
Pastoral da Criança (Brasil) [online] 2001 [citado 11 ago 2001]; Disponível em: http://www.rebidia. org.br/pastoral/rede11.html
Boaventura GT, Chiappini CCJ, Fernandes NRA, Oliveira EM. Avaliação da qualidade protéica de uma dieta estabelecida em Quissamã, Rio de Janeiro, adicionada ou não de multimistura e de pó de folha de mandioca. Rev Nutr 2000; 13(3):201-9.
Lajolo FM, Tirapegui J. Proteínas e aminoácidos. In: Dutra de Oliveira JE, Marchini SJ. Ciências Nutricionais. São Paulo: Sarvier; 1998. p.61-4.
Robbins SL, Cotran RS, Kumar V. Distúrbios nutricionais. In: Robbins SL, Cotran RS, Kumar V. Patologia estrutural e funcional. Rio de Janeiro: Interamericana; 1986. p.390.
Madi K, Campos SD. Desnutrição experimental: resultados anátomo-patológicos e bioquímicos da administração de dietas hipoprotéicas a ratos albinos jovens. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 1975; 73(3):153-81.
Nunes ML, Batista BB, Micheli F, Batistella V. Effects of early malnutrition and nutritional rehabilitation in rats. J Ped (Rio de Janeiro) 2002; 78(1):39-44.
Commitee on Laboratory Animal Diets / Assembly of Life Sciences. National Research Council. Control of diet in laboratory animal experimentation. Nutr Abst Rev 1979; 40:413-9.
Reeves PG, Nielsen FH Jr., Fahey GC. AIN-93 Purified diets for laboratory rodents: Final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 1993; 123:1939-51.
Boza JJ, Moënnoz D, Vuichoud J, Jarret AR, Gaudard-de-Weck D, Fritsché R, et al. Food deprivation and refeeding influence growth,
nutrient retention and functional recovery of rats. J Nutr 1999; 129:1340-6.
Campos DG, Madi K. Studies on pre- and post-natal malnutrition in albino rats. Partial ponderal and biochemic recuperation. Rev Bras Pesq Med Biol 1975; 8(3-4):301-6.
Guerra MA, Peters VM. Morfometria de ratos Wistar: peso e medidas corporais. Rev Ciênc Bioméd 1995; 15:65-74.
Hossne WS, Spadella CT, Bacchi CE. Estudo biométrico de comprimento, peso corpóreo e peso de órgãos em animais de experimentação biomédica. Rev Ciênc Bioméd 1986/87; 7/8:1-19.
Veloso RV. Recuperação do estado nutricional de ratos desnutridos: avaliação do emprego de uma multimistura de alimentos não convencionais [dissertação]. Cuiabá: Instituto de Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; 1998.
Parra MO, Hernandez-Blasquez FJ, Souza e Silva RAP, Silva JRMC, Peduto L, Soares MM, et al. Reduction of liver mass due to malnutrition in rats. Correlation with emaciation of animals and size of organs not inserted in the portal system. São Paulo Med 1995; 113(3):903-9.
Qu Z, Ling PR, Tahan SR, Sierra P, Onderdonk AB, Bistrian BR. Protein and lipid refeeding changes protein metabolism and colonic but not small intestinal morphology in protein-depleted rats. J Nutr 1996; 126(4):906-12.
Zeman FJ. The effect of prenatal protein-calorie malnutrition on kidney development in the rat. Progr Clin Biol Res 1983; 140:309-38.
Koster F, Pierce NF. Effect of protein deprivation on immunoregulatory cells in the rat mucosal immune response. Clin Exp Immunol 1985; 60(1):217-24.
Bivin WS, Crawford MP, Brewer NR. Morphophysiology. In: Baker HJ, Lindsey JR, Weisbroth SH, editors. The laboratory rat. Biology and diseases. New York: Academic Press; 1979. v.1, p.79.
Flo J, Elias F, Benedetti R, Massouh E. Reversible effects on B and T cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues in rats malnourished during suckling: impaired induction of the immune response to intra-Peyer patches immunization with cholera toxin. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 80(2):147-54.
Roux ME, Lopez MC, Melton E, Slobodianik NH, Gonzalez Ariki S, Garcia P. The lymphoid system and protein deficiency. Differentiation in the thymus and Peyer’s patches. Med (Buenos Aires) 1989; 49(2):162-5.
Lopez MC, Roux ME. Impaired differentiation of Ig A-B cell precursors in the Peyer’s patches of protein depleted rats. Develop Comparative Immunol 1989; 13(3):253-62.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Maria Angélica GUZMÁN-SILVA, Aline Rabello WANDERLEY, Viviane Miguel MACÊDO, Gilson Teles BOAVENTURA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
