Insufficient intake of alpha-linolenic fatty acid (18:3n-3) during pregnancy and associated factors
Palabras clave:
Alpha-linolenic acid, Fatty acids, omega-3, Fatty acids, omega-6, Pregnant womenResumen
Objective
To analyze alpha-linolenic fatty acid intake in two cohorts of pregnant women, and to identify factors associated with alpha-linolenic acid intake.
Methods
This is a cohort study involving pregnant women with low obstetric risk (N=353) in public health system from a municipality of São Paulo state, Brazil. In each trimester, two 24-hour food recalls were collected. Descriptive analyses of dietary lipid profiles were performed, followed by a multiple comparison test. According to the trimester of pregnancy, differences were assessed using the mean difference test. To evaluate the adequacy of linoleic fatty acid and alpha-linolenic acid intake, the adequate intake test was used. The association between alpha-linolenic acid intake adequacy and maternal characteristics was investigated using a binary logistic regression model.
Results
Total lipids intake and the percentage contribution to dietary energy met recommended levels. One-third of the diets demonstrated a lower than daily recommended intake of alpha-linolenic acid. Overweight pregnant women were twice as likely to have inadequate alpha-linolenic acid intake. Pregnant women from a more disadvantaged socioeconomic situation had greater risks of inadequate intake.
Conclusion
Over-intake of lipids is not problematic, but quality is an issue, with one third of the pregnant women and their fetuses exposed to adverse effects due to low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, indicating important nutritional vulnerability in this population.
Citas
Procter SB, Campbell CG. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: Nutrition and lifestyle for a healthy pregnancy outcome. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014;114(7):1099-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.05.005
Al MDM, Van Houwelingen AC, Kester ADM, Hasaart TH, de Jong AEP, Hornstra G. Maternal essential fatty acid patterns during normal pregnancy and their relationship to the neonatal essential fatty acid status. Br J Nutr. 1995;74(1):55-68. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19950106
Escobar J, Estrada L, Gómez L, Gil AM, Cadavid A. ¿Pueden los ácidos grasos omega 3 y 6 contrarrestar los efectos negativos de la obesidad en la gestación? Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol. 2013;78(3):244-50.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa de orçamentos familiares 2008-2009: análise do consumo alimentar pessoal no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2011.
Meher A, Randhir K, Mehendale S, Wagh G, Joshi S. Maternal fatty acids and their association with birth outcome: A prospective study. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0147359. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147359
Campos ABF, Pereira RA, Queiroz J, Saunders C. Ingestão de energia e de nutrientes e baixo peso ao nascer: estudo de coorte com gestantes adolescentes. Rev Nutr. 2013;26(5):551-61. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-5273 2013000500006
Golding J, Steer C, Emmett P, Davis JM, Hibbeln JR. High Levels of depressive symptoms in pregnancy with low omega-3 fatty acid intake from fish. Epidemiology. 2009;20(4):598-603. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31819d6a57
da Rocha CMM, Kac G. High dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated acids during pregnancy and prevalence of post-partum depression. Mater Child Nutr. 2012;8(1):36-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2010.00256.x
Ramakrishnan U, Gonzalez-Casanova I, Schnaas L, DiGirolamo A, Quezada AD, Pallo BC, et al. Prenatal supplementation with DHA improves attention at 5 y of age: A randomized controlledtrial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(4):1075-82. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.101071
Barbieri P, Crivellenti LC, Nishimura RY, Sartorelli DS. Validation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess food group intake by pregnant women. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015;28(Suppl.1):38-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12224
Bertin RL, Parisenti J, Di Pietro PF, Vasconcelos FDAG. Métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar de gestantes: uma revisão. Rev Bras Saúde Mater Infant. 2006;6(4):383-90. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-38292006000400004
Malta MB, Carvalhaes MABL, Takito MY, Tonete VLP, Barros AJD, Parada CMGL, et al. Educational intervention regarding diet and physical activity for pregnant women: Changes in knowledge and practices among health professionals. BMC. 2016;16(1):175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0957-1
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Atenção ao pré-natal de baixo risco. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2012.
Moshfegh AJ, Rhodes DG, Baer DJ, Murayi T, Clemens JC, Rumpler WV, et al. The US Department of Agriculture Automated MultiplePass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(2):324-32.
Padovani RM, Amaya-Farfán J, Colugnati FAB, Domene SMA. Dietary reference intakes: aplicabilidade das tabelas em estudos nutricionais. Rev Nutr. 2006;19(6):741-60. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732006000600010
Fisberg RM, Slater B, Marchioni DML, Martini LA. Inquéritos alimentares: métodos e bases científicos. Barueri: Manole; 2005.
Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington (DC): National Academics Press; 2005.
Mani I, Dwarkanath P, Thomas T, Thomas A, Kurpad A V. Maternal fat and fatty acid intake and birth outcomes in a South Indian population. Int J Epidemiol. 2016;45(2):523-31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw010
Ribeiro MF, Beraldo RA, Touso MFDS, Vassimon HS. Ingestão alimentar, perfil bioquímico e estado nutricional entre vegetarianos e não vegetarianos. Rev Arq Ciênc Saúde. 2015;22(3):58-63. https://doi.org/10.17696/2318-3691.22.3.2015.239
Parra-Cabrera S, Stein AD, Wang M, Martorell R, Rivera J, Ramakrishnan U. Dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids among pregnant Mexican women. Matern Child Nutr. 2011;7:140-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2010.00254.x
Martin CA, Almeida VV, Ruiz MR, Visentainer JEL, Matshushita M, Souza NE de, et al. Ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3 e ômega-6: importância e ocorrência em alimentos. Rev Nutr. 2006;19(6):761-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732006000600011
Chu SY, Callaghan WM, Kim SY, Schmid CH, Lau J, England LJ, et al. Maternal obesity and risk of gestational diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(8):2070-6. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc06-2559a
Bodnar LM, Parks WT, Perkins K, Pugh SJ, Platt RW, Feghali M, et al. Maternal prepregnancy obesity and cause-specific stillbirth. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(4):858-64. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.112250
Jeyabalan A. Epidemiology of preeclampsia: Impact of obesity. Nutr Rev. 2013;71(1):S18-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12055
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Guia alimentar para a população brasileira. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2014.
Saccone G, Saccone I, Berghella V. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish oil supplementation during pregnancy: Which evidence? J Mater Neonatal Med. 2015;29(15):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2015.1086742
Anjos LA, Souza DR, Rossato SL. Desafios na medição quantitativa da ingestão alimentar em estudos populacionais. Rev Nutr. 2009;22(1):151-61. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732009000100014
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Letícia Garcia VASCONCELOS, Caroline de Barros GOMES, Maíra Barreto MALTA, Isaias DICHI, Maria Helena D’Aquino BENÍCIO, Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite CARVALHAES
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
