Food insecurity among the elderly: Cross-sectional study with soup kitchen users
Palabras clave:
Aged, Chronic disease, Food consumption, Food security, Nutritional status, Socioeconomic factorsResumen
Objective
To investigate whether food insecurity is associated with the demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health conditions of the elderly.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 427 elderly (³60 years) from Campinas, São Paulo; half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the others, their neighbors of the same sex. Food insecurity was measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Univariate multinomial logistic regression was used for calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval to measure the association between the independent variables and food insecurity. Variables with p<0.20 were included in a multinomial model, and only those with p<0.05 remained.
Results
Most respondents (63.2%) were males; 15.2% and 6.6% were experiencing mild and moderate/severe food insecurity, respectively. The final model, adjusted for sex and age, showed that elderly with a total family income ≤2 minimum salaries (OR=3.41, 95%CI=1.27-9.14), who did not have a job (OR=2.95, 95%CI=1.23-7.06), and who were obese (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.04-3.87) were more likely to be mildly food insecure. Elderly with cancer (OR=4.13, 95%CI=1.21-14.0) and those hospitalized in the past year (OR=3.16, 95%CI=1.23-8.11) were more likely to be moderately/severely food insecure. Finally, elderly living in unfinished houses (OR=2.71; andOR=2.92) and who did not consume fruits (OR=2.95 and OR=4.11) or meats daily (OR=2.04 and OR=3.83) were more likely to be mildly and moderately/severely food insecure.
Conclusion
Food insecure elderly are more likely to have chronic diseases, poor nutritional status, and poor socioeconomic condition. Therefore, the welfare programs should expand the number of soup kitchens and develop other strategies to assure adequate nutrition to these elderly.
Citas
Brasil. Lei nº 11.346, de 15 de julho de 2006. Cria o Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SISAN) com vistas em assegurar o direito humano à alimentação adequada e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da Presidência da República. Brasília, 15 de setembro de 2006.
Rose DD. Interventions to reduce household food insecurity: A synthesis of current concepts and approaches for Latin America. Rev Nutr. 2008; 21:159-73. doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732008000700014.
Bickel G, Nord M, Price C, Hamilton W, Cook J. Measuring food security in the United States: Guide to measuring household food security. Alexandria: United States Departament of Agriculture; 2000.
Radimer KL, Olson CM, Greene JC, Campbell CC, JP. H. Understanding hunger and developing indicators to assess it in women and children. J Nutr Educ. 1992; 24(1):36-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.031.
Coates J, Frongillo EA, Rogers BL, Webb P, Wilde PE, Houser R. Commonalities in the experience of household food insecurity across cultures: What are measures missing? J Nutr. 2006; 136(5):1438S-48S.
Carvalho JAM, Garcia RA. O envelhecimento da população brasileira: um enfoque demográfico. Cad Saúde Pública. 2003; 19:725-33. doi: 10.1590/S0102-311X2003000300005.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Informações de saúde: população residente - Brasil. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011 [acesso 2011 nov 24]. Disponível em: <http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br>.
Coleman-Jensen A, Nord M, Andrews M, Carlson S. Program Household Food Security in the United States in 2010. Alexandria: United States Department of Agriculture; 2011.
Nord M. Food security rates are high for elderly households: Economic research Service, USDA. Food Rev. 2002; 25(2):19-24.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa nacional por amostra de domicílios: Segurança Alimentar 2004/2009. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2010.
Rosa TEC, Mondini L, Gubert MB, Sato GS, Benício MHDA. Segurança alimentar em domicílios chefiados por idosos, Brasil. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol. 2012; 15(1):69-77. doi: 10.1590/S1415-790X2011000300005.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa nacional por amostra de domicílios: Segurança Alimentar 2004. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2006.
Marín-León L, Segal-Corrêa AM, Panigassi G, Maranha LK, Sampaio MFA, Pérez-Escamilla R. A percepção de insegurança alimentar em famílias com idosos em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2005; 21(5):1433-40. doi: 10.1590/S0102-311X2005000500016.
World Health Organization. Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
Wilde PE, Peterman JN. Individual weight change is associated with household food security status. J Nutr. 2006; 136(5):1395-400.
Kim K, Frongillo EA. Participation in food assistance programs modifies the relation of food insecurity with weight and depression in elders. J Nutr. 2007; 137(4):1005-10.
Kepple AW, Segall-Corrêa AM. Conceituando e medindo segurança alimentar e nutricional. Ciênc Saúde Colet. 2011; 16:187-99. doi: 10.1590/S1413-81232011000100022.
Brasil. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome. Restaurantes populares. Brasília: MDS; [s.d.] [acesso 2011 out 14]. Disponível em: <http://www.mds.gov.br/segurancaalimentar/equipamentos/restaurantespopulares>.
São Paulo. Secretaria de Estado de Desenvolvimento Social. Bom Prato. São Paulo: Secretaria de Estado de Desenvolvimento Social [s.d.] [acesso 2011 nov 29]. Disponível em: <http://www.desenvolvimentosocial.sp.gov.br/portal.php/bomprato>.
Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. Critério de classificação econômica Brasil. São Paulo: ABEP; 2008 [acesso 2013 jun 5]. Disponível em: .
Troiano R, Frongillo Jr E, Sobal J, Levitsky D. The relationship between body weight and mortality: A quantitative analysis of combined information from existing studies. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996; 20(1):63-75.
Hoffmann R. Determinantes da insegurança alimentar no Brasil: análise dos dados da PNAD de 2004. Segur Aliment Nutr. 2008;15 (1):49-61.
Marín-León L, Francisco PMSB, Segall-Corrêa AM, Panigassi G. Bens de consumo e insegurança alimentar: diferenças de gênero, cor de pele autorreferida e condição socioeconômica. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2011; 14:398-410. doi: 10.1590/S1415-790X2011000300005.
Gubert MB, Santos LMP. Determinantes da insegurança alimentar no Distrito Federal. Comum Ciênc Saúde. 2009; 20(2):143-50.
Segall-Corrêa A, Marin-Leon L, Sampaio M, Panigassi G, Perez-Escamilla R. Insegurança alimentar no Brasil: do desenvolvimento do instrumento de medida aos primeiros resultados nacionais. In: Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome. Avaliação de políticas e programas do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social: resultados: Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Brasília: MDS; 2007.
Ramsey R, Giskes K, Turrell G, Gallegos D. Food insecurity among adults residing in disadvantaged urban areas: Potential health and dietary consequences. Public Health Nutr. 2012; 15(2): 227-37. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011001996.
Dean W, Sharkey J, Johnson C. Food insecurity is associated with social capital, perceived personal disparity, and partnership status among older and senior adults in a largely rural area of Central Texas. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2011; 30(2):169-86. doi: 10.1080/21551197.2011.567955.
Salles-Costa R, Pereira RA, Vasconcellos MTL, Veiga GV, Marins VMR, Jardim BC, et al. Associação entre fatores socioeconômicos e insegurança alimentar: estudo de base populacional na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rev Nutr. 2008; 21(Supl):99-109.
Kushel MB, Gupta R, Gee L, Haas JS. Housing instability and food insecurity as barriers to health care among low-income Americans. J Gen Intern Med. 2006; 21(1):71-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00278.x.
Tarasuk VS. Household food insecurity with hunger is associated with women’s food Intakes, health and household circumstances. J Nutr. 2001; 131(10): 2670-6.
Seligman HK, Bindman AB, Vittinghoff E, Kanaya AM, Kushel MB. Food insecurity is associated with diabetes mellitus: Results from the national health examination and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. J Gen Intern Med. 2007; 22(7):1018-23.
Bawadi HA, Ammari F, Abu-Jamous D, Khader YS, Bataineh Sa, Tayyeme RF. Food insecurity is related to glycemic control deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clini Nutr. 2012; 31:250-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.09.014.
Panigassi G, Segall-Corrêa AM, Marin-León L, Pérez- -Escamilla R, Maranha LK, Sampaio MFA. Insegurança alimentar intrafamiliar e perfil de consumo de alimentos. Rev Nutr. 2008; 21:135s-44s. doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732008000700012.
Simmons LA, Modesitt SC, Brody AC, Leggin AB. Food insecurity among cancer patients in Kentucky: A pilot study. J Oncol Pract. 2006; 2(6):274-9.
Kirkpatrick SI, Tarasuk V. Food insecurity is associated with nutrient inadequacies among Canadian Adults and Adolescents. J Nutr. 2008; 138(3):604-12.
Associação Brasileira pela Nutrição e Direitos Humanos. Direito humano à alimentação adequada no contexto da segurança alimentar e nutricional. Brasília: Abrandh; 2010.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Bruna Fernanda do Nascimento Jacinto de SOUZA, Letícia MARÍN-LEÓN
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
