Estresse oxidativo: conceito, implicações e fatores modulatórios
Palavras-chave:
Antioxidantes, Espécies reativas de nitrogênio, Espécies reativas de oxigênio, Estresse oxidativo, Radicais livresResumo
O estresse oxidativo decorre de um desequilíbrio entre a geração de compostos oxidantes e a atuação dos sistemas de defesa antioxidante. A geração de radicais livres e/ou espécies reativas não radicais é resultante do metabolismo de oxigênio. A mitocôndria, por meio da cadeia transportadora de elétrons, é a principal fonte geradora. O sistema de defesa antioxidante tem a função de inibir e/ou reduzir os danos causados pela ação deletéria dos radicais livres e/ou espécies reativas não radicais. Esse sistema, usualmente, é dividido em enzimático (superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase) e não-enzimático. No último caso, é constituído por grande variedade de substâncias antioxidantes, que podem ter origem endógena ou dietética. Objetivou-se revisar os principais mecanismos de geração de radicais livres, bem como a ação dos agentes mais relevantes do sistema de defesa antioxidante, ressaltando suas implicações sobre os marcadores do estresse oxidativo. Também serão abordados os principais fatores exógenos moduladores do estresse oxidativo.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Kiriaque Barra Ferreira BARBOSA, Neuza Maria Brunoro COSTA, Rita de Cássia Gonçalves ALFENAS, Sérgio Oliveira DE PAULA, Valéria Paula Rodrigues MINIM, Josefina BRESSAN
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