Use of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes
Keywords:
Athletes, Dietary supplements, PrevalenceAbstract
Objective
To investigate the prevalence and establish the profile of the consumption of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes.
Methods
A total of 182 athletes of both genders from 20 different sports participated in this study. The athletes answered a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and sports-related questions and were interviewed about the consumption of dietary supplements.
Results
Forty seven percent of athletes reported having consumed at least one type of dietary supplement and 38% said they use more than three different types of supplements concurrently. Whey protein was the most commonlyconsumed supplement, and the most frequently mentioned reason for its consumption was performance improvement. The main source of information was coaches, and individual sport athletes were the greatest consumers and the most likely to seek dietary supplement.
Conclusion
Approximately half of the participants used dietary supplements, which on most occasions were recommended by coaches. The consumption profile also revealed multiple supplementation practice and showed that nutrition education is essential for this specific population.
References
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Dietary Supplement. Silver Spring (MD): U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 2016 [cited 2015 Nov 9]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Food/Dietary Supplements/default.htm
Dietz P, Ulrich R, Niess A, Best R, Simon P, Striegel H. Prediction profiles for nutritional supplement use among young German elite athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2014;24(6):623-31. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0009
Wiens K, Erdman KA, Stadnyk M, Parnell JA. dietary supplement usage, motivation, and education in young, Canadian athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2014;24(6):613-22. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0087
Froiland K, Koszewski W, Hingst J, Kopecky L. Nutritional supplement use among college athletes and their sources of information. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2004;14(1):104-20. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.14.1.104
Braun H, Koehler K, Geyer H, Kleiner J, Mester J, Schanzer W. Dietary supplement use among elite young German athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2009;19(1):97-109. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.19.1.97
De Silva A, Samarasinghe Y, Senanayake D, Lanerolle P. Dietary supplement intake in nationallevel Sri Lankan athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20(1):15-20. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.20.1.15
Lun V, Erdman KA, Fung TS, Reimer RA. Dietary supplementation practices in Canadian highperformance athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2012;22(1):31-7. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.22.1.31
Diehl K, Thiel A, Zipfel S, Mayer J, Schnell A, Schneider S. Elite adolescent athletes’ use of dietary supplements: Characteristics, opinions, and sources of supply and information. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2012;22(3):165-74. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.22.3.165
Kandel DB. Stages and pathways of drug involvement: Examining the gateway hypothesis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2002.
Backhouse SH, Whitaker L, Petróczi A. Gateway to doping? Supplement use in the context of preferred competitive situations, doping attitude, beliefs, and norms. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2013;23(2):244-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01374.x
Maughan RJ. Quality Assurance issues in the use of dietary supplements, with special reference to protein supplements. J Nutr. 2013;143(11):1843S-7S.https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.176651
Sundgot-Borgen J, Berglund B, Torstveit MK. Nutritional supplements in Norwegian elite athletes: Impact of international ranking and advisors. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2003;13(2):138-44. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.10288.x
McDowall J. Supplement use by young athletes. J Sports Sci Med. 2007;6(3):337-42.
Molinero O, Márquez S. Use of nutritional supplements in sports: Risks, knowledge, and behavioural-related factors. Nutr Hosp. 2009 [cited 2014 Feb 15];24(2):128-34. Available from: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=309226744006
Kim J, Lee N, Lee J, Jung S-S, Kang S-K, Yoon J-D. Dietary supplementation of high-performance Korean and Japanese judoists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2013;23(2):119-27. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.23.2.119
Giannopoulou I, Noutsos K, Apostolidis N, Bayios I, Nassis GP. Performance level affects the dietary supplement intake of both individual and team sports athletes. J Sports Sci Med. 2013;12(1):190-6.
Darvishi L, Askari G, Hariri M, Bahreynian M, Ghiasvand R, Ehsani S, et al. The use of nutritional supplements among male collegiate athletes. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(Suppl.1):S68-72.
Rodek J, Sekulic D, Kondric M. Dietary supplementation and doping-related factors in high-level sailing. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012;9(1):51. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-51
De Rose EH, Feder MG, Pedroso PR, Guimarães AZ. Uso referido de medicamentos e suplementos alimentares nos atletas selecionados para controle de doping nos Jogos Sul-Americanos. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2006;12(5):239-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-86922006000500003
Cazal MDM, Alfenas R. Dietary practices of Brazilian mountain bikers before and during training and competition. Arch Med Deporte. 2013 [cited 2015 Jan 16];30(2):83-90. Available from: http://femede.es/documentos/OR_01_Dietary_154.pdf
Nogueira FRS, Souza AA, Brito AF. Prevalência do so e efeitos de recursos ergogênicos por praticantes de musculação nas academias brasileiras: uma revisão sistematizada. Rev Bras Ativ Fis Saúde. 2013;18(1):16-30. https://doi.org/10.12820/2317-1634.2013v18n1p16
Kreider RB, Wilborn CD, Taylor L, Campbell B, Almada AL, Collins R, et al. ISSN exercise and sport nutrition review: Research and recommendations. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2010;7(7):1-43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-7-7
World Health Organization. Physical status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva: WHO; 1995 [cited 2014 Dec 11]. Technical Report Series, nº 854. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_854.pdf?ua=1
Nogueira JA, Da Costa TH. Nutrient intake and eating habits of triathletes on a Brazilian diet. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2004;14(6):684-97. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.14.6.684
Nieper A. Nutritional supplement practices in UK junior national track and field athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(9):645-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.015842
Aljaloud SO, Ibrahim SA. Use of dietary supplements among professional athletes in Saudi Arabia. J Nutr Metab. 2013;2013:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/245349
Suzic Lazic J, Dikic N, Radivojevic N, Mazic S, Radovanovic D, Mitrovic N, et al. Dietary supplements and medications in elite sport: Polypharmacy or real need? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001;21(2):260-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01026.x
Bishop D. Dietary supplements and team-sport performance. Sports Med. 2010;40(12):995-1017. https://doi.org/10.2165/11536870-000000000-00000
Geyer H, Parr M, Koehler K. Nutritional supplements crosscontaminated and faked with doping substances. J Mass Spectrom. 2008;43(7):892-902. https://doi.org/10.1002/jms1452
Sousa M, Fernandes MJ, Moreira P, Teixeira VH. Nutritional Supplements Usage by Portuguese Athletes. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2013;83(1):48-58. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000144
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Hellen Clair Garcez NABUCO, Vanessa Behrends RODRIGUES, Wander Miguel de BARROS, Fabricio César de Paula RAVAGNANI, Mariano Martínez ESPINOSA, Christianne de Faria Coelho RAVAGNANI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
