Relationship between mindful eating, hedonic hunger, and obesity
Palabras clave:
Energy intake, Mindful eating, Nutrition, ObesityResumen
Objective
Hedonic hunger leads to the development of obesity by encouraging overeating and a consequent increase in energy intake. Mindful eating is predicted to help maintain a healthy weight by reducing hedonic hunger levels. This study aimed to examine the association between mindful eating, hedonic hunger, and obesity in adults living in Türkiye.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2023 using a face-to-face survey method among individuals aged 19-65 in Türkiye. Mindful eating was defined with the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Higher scores on the scale indicate higher mindful eating. Hedonic hunger was determined using the Power of Food Scale. A higher Power of Food Scale score indicated a higher tendency towards hedonic hunger. Body weight, height, and waist circumference measurements were evaluated, and the body mass index was calculated. A 24-hour dietary recall was taken to determine the participants’ energy and nutrient intake.
Results
A total of 787 volunteers (mean age: 31.2±11.9 years) participated. A one-unit increase in Mindful Eating Questionnaire total score was associated with a 0.81-unit decrease in Power of Food Scale total score (p < 0.001) and a 134.38 kcal decrease in energy intake (p < 0.01). Higher Mindful Eating Questionnaire total scores were associated with lower odds of having risk/high risk of health according to waist circumference (p < 0.001) and waist/height ratio (p < 0.05) and associated with lower odds of being obese (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Higher mindful eating is inversely associated with hedonic hunger, energy intake, and obesity in adults. Mindful eating can be beneficial for altering hedonic hunger and energy intake, thereby reducing obesity.
Descargas
Citas
Mantzios M. (Re) defining mindful eating into mindful eating behaviour to advance scientific enquiry. Nutr Health. 2021;27:367-71.
Kawasaki Y, Akamatsu R, Fujiwara Y, Omori M, Sugawara M, Yamazaki Y, et al. Is mindful eating sustainable and healthy? A focus on nutritional intake, food consumption, and plant-based dietary patterns among lean and normal-weight female university students in Japan. Eat Weight Disord. 2021;26(7):2183-99.
Aoun A, Ghoussoub C, Farsoun C, Al Mallah A, Ayoub F, Trezia N, et al. Examining the Efficacy of mindfulnessbased interventions in treating obesity, obesity-related eating disorders, and diabetes mellitus. J Am Nutr Assoc. 2025;44(4):292-305. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/27697061.2024.2428290
Dutt S, Keyte R, Egan H, Hussain M, Mantzios M. Healthy and unhealthy eating amongst stressed students: considering the influence of mindfulness on eating choices and consumption. Health Psychol Rep. 2019;7(2):113-20.
Mason AE, Epel ES, Kristeller J, Moran PJ, Dallman M, Lustig RH, et al. Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindful eating, sweets consumption, and fasting glucose levels in obese adults: data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial. J Behav Med. 2016;39:201-13.
Sagui-Henson SJ, Radin RM, Jhaveri K, Brewer JA, Cohn M, Hartogensis W, et al. Negative Mood and food craving strength among women with overweight: implications for targeting mechanisms using a mindful eating intervention. Mindfulness. 2021;12:2997-3010.
Hussain M, Egan H, Keyte R, Mantzios M. Mindful construal reflections: reducing unhealthier eating choices. Mindfulness. 2021;12(7):1757-67.
Monroe JT. Mindful eating: principles and practice. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2015;9(3):217-20.
Hagan S, Niswender KD. Neuroendocrine regulation of food intake. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2012;58:149-53.
Izundegui DG, Singh S, Acosta A. Food intake regulation: relevance to bariatric and metabolic endoscopic therapies. Tech Innov Gastrointest Endosc. 2020;22:100-8.
Lowe MR, Butryn ML. Hedonic hunger: a new dimension of appetite? Physiol Behav. 2007;91(4):432-9.
Horwath CC, Hagmann D, Hartmann C. The Power of Food: self-control moderates the association of hedonic hunger with overeating, snacking frequency and palatable food intake. Eat Behav. 2020;38:101393. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101393
Luquet S, Magnan C. The central nervous system at the core of the regulation of energy homeostasis. Front Biosci. 2009;1:448-65.
Chmurzynska A, Mlodzik-Czyzewska MA, Radziejewska A, Wiebe DJ. Hedonic Hunger Is associated with intake of certain high-fat food types and BMI in 20- to 40-year-old adults. J Nutr. 2021;151(4):820-5.
Kaur K, Jensen CD. Does hedonic hunger predict eating behavior and body mass in adolescents with overweight or obesity? Child Health Care. 2021;51(2):184-98.
Mead BR, Boyland EJ, Christiansen P, Halford JCG, Jebb SA, Ahern AL. Associations between hedonic hunger and BMI during a two-year behavioural weight loss trial. Plos One. 2021;16(6):e0252110. doi: https:// 10.1371/journal.pone.0252110
Mathieu J. What should you know about mindful and intuitive eating? J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(12):1982-7.
Mantzios M, Wilson JC. Mindfulness, eating behaviours, and obesity: a review and reflection on current findings. Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4:141-6.
Ljubičić M, Matek Sarić M, Klarin I, Rumbak I, Colić Barić I, Ranilović J. Emotions and food consumption: emotional eating behavior in a european population. Foods. 2023;12(4):872.
Casadei K, Kiel J. Anthropometric Measurement. 2022 Sep 26. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 11]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30726000/
WHO Consultation on Obesity, World Health Organization Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: WHO; 2000 [cited 2024 Sep 11]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/42330
World Health Organization. Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio. Report of a WHO expert consultation. Geneva: WHO; 2008 [cited 2024 Sep 11]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/44583/9789241501491_eng.pdf?sequence=1
Ashwell M. Charts Based on body mass index and waist-to-height ratio to assess the health risks of obesity: a review. Open Obes J. 2011;3:78-84.
Cappelleri JC, Bushmakin AG, Gerber RA, Leidy NK, Sexton CC, Karlsson J, et al. Evaluating the Power of Food Scale in obese subjects and a general sample of individuals: development and measurement properties. Int J Obes (London). 2009;33(8):913-22.
Lowe MR, Butryn ML, Didie ER, Annunziato RA, Thomas JG, Crerand CE, et al. The Power of Food Scale: a new measure of the psychological influence of the food environment. Appetite. 2009;53:114-8.
Ulker I, Ayyildiz F, Yildiran H. Validation of the Turkish version of the power of food scale in adult population. Eat Weight Disord. 2021;26:1179-86.
Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, Littman AJ, Zeliadt S, Benitez D. Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(8):1439-44.
Köse G, Tayfur M, Birincioğlu İ, Dönmez A. Adaptation study of the Mindful Eating Questiıonnare (MEQ) into Turkish. JCBPR. 2016;3:125-34.
BeBiS version 8.2. Nutrition Information System-BeBIS. Istanbul, Türkiye: Pacific Company; 2019.
Ozkan N, Bilici S. Are anthropometric measurements an indicator of intuitive and mindful eating? Eat Weight Disord. 2021;26(2):639-48.
Demirbas N, Kutlu R, Kurnaz A. The relationship between mindful eating and body mass index and body compositions in adults. Ann Nutr Metab. 2021;77(5):262-70.
Durukan A, Gül A. Mindful eating: differences of generations and relationship of mindful eating with BMI. Int J Gastron Food Sci. 2019;18:100172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2019.100172
Adams CE, McVay MA, Kinsaul J, Benitez L, Vinci C, Stewart DW, et al. Unique relationships between facets of mindfulness and eating pathology among female smokers. Eat Behav. 2012;13:390-3.
Ferreira-Pêgo C, Rodrigues J, Costa A, Sousa B. Eating behavior: the influence of age, nutrition knowledge, and Mediterranean diet. Nutr Health. 2020;26:303-9.
Mahlo L, Windsor TD. Older and more mindful? Age differences in mindfulness components and wellbeing. Aging Ment Health. 2021;25:1320-31.
Fisher N, Lattimore P, Malinowski P. Attention with a mindful attitude attenuates subjective appetitive reactions and food intake following food-cue exposure. Appetite. 2016;99:10-6.
Allirot X, Miragall M, Perdices I, Baños RM, Urdaneta E, Cebolla A. Effects of a brief mindful eating induction on food choices and energy intake: external eating and mindfulness state as moderators. Mindfulness (N Y). 2018;9:750-60.
Harb AA, Shechter A, Koch PA, St-Onge MP. Ultra-processed foods and the development of obesity in adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2023:77(6):619-27.
Mankad M, Gokhale D. Not Hungry, but still snacking: the association between hedonic hunger and snacking behaviour among young adults in Vadodara, Gujarat. Cureus. 2023;15(9):e44814. doi: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.44814
Mantzios M, Egan H, Hussain M, Keyte R, Bahia H. Mindfulness, self-compassion, and mindful eating in relation to fat and sugar consumption: an exploratory investigation. Eat Weight Disord. 2018;23(6):833-40.
Bejarano CM, Cushing CC. Dietary Motivation and hedonic hunger predict palatable food consumption: an intensive longitudinal study of adolescents. Ann Behav Med. 2018;52(9):773-86.
Salvo V, Sanudo A, Kristeller J, Schveitzer MC, Martins P, Favarato ML, et al. Mindful eating for overweight and obese women in Brazil: an exploratory mixed-methods pilot study. Nutr Health. 2022;28(4):591-601.
Woo JM, Lee GE, Lee JH. Attentional bias for high-calorie food cues by the level of hunger and satiety in individuals with binge eating behaviors. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1149864. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1149864
Xiao H, Song J, Han X, Ye Z, Serier KN, Belon KE, et al. Assessing hedonic hunger among Chinese adults using the power of Food Scale: psychometric properties and cross-cultural invariance between China and the US. Eat Behav. 2023;48:101703. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101703
Karamizadeh M, Akbarzadeh M, Gargari BP, Mahdavi R, Nikniaz Z. Association between hedonic hunger and body mass index in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite. 2024;199:107395. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2024.107395
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Gökçe Ünal, Yasemin Açar, Sevtap Kabalı, Melahat Sedanur Macit-Çelebi, Zeynep Uzdil, Yasemin Ertaş-Öztürk
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
